抽象类与接口的应用(一)

. 一个类永远不要去继承一个已经实现好的类，而只能继承抽象类或实现接口

范例：为抽象类实例化

abstract class A{                         //定义抽象类A        public abstract void print();   //定义抽象方法print() } class B extends A{                       //子类继承抽象类        public void print(){               System.out.println("Hello world!");        } } public class AbstractCaseDemo01{        public static void main(String args[]){               A a = new B();                     //通过子类为抽象类实例化               a.print();                       //调用的方法是被子类覆写过的方法        } }

范例：为接口实例化

interface  A{                      //定义接口A        public void print();  //定义抽象方法print() } class B implements A{                 //子类实现接口        public void print(){               System.out.println("Hello world!");        } } public class InterfaceCaseDemo01{        public static void main(String args[]){               A a = new B();                     //通过子类为抽象类实例化               a.print();                       //调用的方法是被子类覆写过的方法        } }

抽象类的实际应用-->模板设计

范例：抽象类的实际应用

abstract class Person{                        //定义抽象类Person        private String name;                     //定义name属性        private int age;                            //定义age属性        public Person(String name,int age){            //为属性初始化               this.name = name;                              //为name属性赋值               this.age = age;                                    //为age属性赋值        }        public String getName(){                           //取得name属性内容               return name;        }        public int getAge(){                                   //取得age属性内容               return age;        }        public void say(){                                      //说话是具体功能，要定义成普通方法               System.out.println(this.getContent());        }        public abstract String getContent();      //说话内容由子类定义 } class Student extends Person{                           //定义Student继承Person类        private float score;                                     public Student(String name,int age,float score){               super(name,age);                                //调用父类中构造方法               this.score = score;                }        public String getContent(){                         //覆写父类中的抽象方法               return "学生信息-->姓名:"+super.getName()+                             ",年龄："+super.getAge()                             +",成绩："+this.score;        } } class Worker extends Person{                           //定义Worker继承Person类        private float salary;        public Worker(String name,int age,float salary){                super(name,age);                                //调用父类中构造方法               this.salary = salary;        }        public String getContent(){                         //覆写父类中的抽象方法               return "工人信息-->姓名:"+super.getName()+                             ",年龄："+super.getAge()                             +",工资："+this.salary;        } } public class AbstractCaseDemo02{        public static void main(String args[]){               Person per1 = null;                             //声明Person对象               Person per2 = null;                             //声明Person对象               per1 = new Student("张三",20,90.0f);  //学生是一个人               per2 = new Worker("李四",30,3000.0f);      //工人是一个人               per1.say();                                                       //学生说学生的内容               per2.say();                                                       //工人说工人的内容        } }