C++线段树

线段树是一种二叉搜索树,与区间树相似,它将一个区间划分成一些单元区间,每个单元区间对应线段树中的一个叶结点。
使用线段树可以快速的查找某一个节点在若干条线段中出现的次数,时间复杂度为O(logN)。而未优化的空间复杂度为2N,实际应用时一般还要开4N的数组以免越界,因此有时需要离散化让空间压缩。
区间更新(查询)的时间复杂度是O(logn),使用懒惰法只会影响以下四类节点,每类节点数量都不超过logn。一,左边界及其祖先。二,右边界及其祖先。三,第一类的兄弟节点。四,第二类的兄弟节点。
本封装类,都是使用数组模拟,如果不是连续的节点,需要离散化。如果是流,无法离散化。则需要用哈希映射或树。

封装类

单点初始化、更新

template<class TSave,class TRecord>
class CSingUpdateLineTree
{
public:
	CSingUpdateLineTree(int iEleSize):m_iEleSize(iEleSize), m_vSave(iEleSize*4){

	}
	void Update(int index, TRecord update) {
		Update(1, 1, m_iEleSize, index + 1, update);
	}
	void Query(int leftIndex, int leftRight) {
		Query(1, 1, m_iEleSize, leftIndex + 1, leftRight + 1);
	}
	void Init() {
		Init(1, 1, m_iEleSize);
	}
	const int m_iEleSize;
protected:
	void Init(int iNodeNO, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight)
	{
		if (iSaveLeft == iSaveRight) {
			OnInit(m_vSave[iNodeNO], iSaveLeft);
			return;
		}
		const int mid = iSaveLeft + (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft) / 2;
		Init(iNodeNO * 2, iSaveLeft, mid);
		Init(iNodeNO * 2+1, mid+1, iSaveRight);
		OnUpdateParent(m_vSave[iNodeNO], m_vSave[iNodeNO * 2], m_vSave[iNodeNO * 2 + 1], iSaveLeft, iSaveRight);
	}
	void Query(int iNodeNO, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight, int iQueryLeft,int iQueryRight) {
		if (( iSaveLeft >= iQueryLeft) && (iSaveRight <= iQueryRight )) {
			OnQuery(m_vSave[iNodeNO]);
			return;
		}
		if (iSaveLeft == iSaveRight) {//没有子节点
			return;
		}
		const int mid = iSaveLeft + (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft) / 2;
		if (mid >= iQueryLeft) {
			Query(iNodeNO * 2, iSaveLeft, mid, iQueryLeft, iQueryRight);
		}
		if( mid+1 <= iQueryRight ){
			Query(iNodeNO * 2+1, mid+1, iSaveRight, iQueryLeft, iQueryRight);
		}
	}
	void Update(int iNodeNO,int iSaveLeft,int iSaveRight,int iUpdateNO, TRecord update) {
		if (iSaveLeft == iSaveRight)
		{
			OnUpdate(m_vSave[iNodeNO], update);
			return;
		}
		const int mid = iSaveLeft + (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft) / 2;
		if (iUpdateNO <= mid) {
			Update(iNodeNO * 2, iSaveLeft, mid, iUpdateNO, update);
		}
		else {
			Update(iNodeNO * 2+1, mid+1, iSaveRight, iUpdateNO, update);
		}
		OnUpdateParent(m_vSave[iNodeNO], m_vSave[iNodeNO * 2], m_vSave[iNodeNO * 2+1],iSaveLeft,iSaveRight);
	}
	virtual void OnInit(TSave& save,int iSave)=0;
	virtual void OnQuery(TSave& save) = 0;
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const TRecord& update) = 0;
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r,int iSaveLeft,int iSaveRight) = 0;
	vector<TSave> m_vSave;
};

区间更新、区间查询

template<class TSave, class TRecord>
class CLineTree
{
public:
	CLineTree(int iEleSize, TRecord recordNull=0)
		:m_iEleSize(iEleSize), m_vArr(m_iEleSize * 4), m_vRecord(m_iEleSize * 4, recordNull), m_recordNull(recordNull)
	{

	}
	void Update(int iLeftIndex, int iRightIndex, TRecord value)
	{
		Update(1, 1, m_iEleSize, iLeftIndex + 1, iRightIndex + 1, value);
	}
	void Query( int iLeftIndex, int iRightIndex)
	{
		Query( 1, 1, m_iEleSize, iLeftIndex + 1, iRightIndex + 1);
	}
private:
	virtual void OnQuery(TSave& save) = 0;
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) = 0;
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r) = 0;
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const int& len, const TRecord& update) = 0;
	void Query( int iNode, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight, int iQueryLeft, int iQueryRight)
	{
		if ((iQueryLeft <= iSaveLeft) && (iQueryRight >= iSaveRight))
		{
			OnQuery(m_vArr[iNode]);
			return;
		}
		Fresh(iNode, iSaveLeft, iSaveRight);
		const int iMid = iSaveLeft + (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft) / 2;
		if (iMid >= iQueryLeft)
		{
			Query( iNode * 2, iSaveLeft, iMid, iQueryLeft, iQueryRight);
		}
		if (iMid + 1 <= iQueryRight)
		{
			Query( iNode * 2 + 1, iMid + 1, iSaveRight, iQueryLeft, iQueryRight);
		}
	}
	void Update(int iNode, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight, int iOpeLeft, int iOpeRight, TRecord value)
	{
		if (iNode >= m_vArr.size())
		{
			return;
		}
		if ((iOpeLeft <= iSaveLeft) && (iOpeRight >= iSaveRight))
		{
			OnUpdate(m_vArr[iNode], min(iSaveRight, iOpeRight) - max(iSaveLeft, iOpeLeft) + 1, value);
			OnUpdateRecord(m_vRecord[iNode], value);
			return;
		}
		Fresh(iNode, iSaveLeft, iSaveRight);
		const int iMid = iSaveLeft + (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft) / 2;
		if (iMid >= iOpeLeft)
		{
			Update(iNode * 2, iSaveLeft, iMid, iOpeLeft, iOpeRight, value);
		}
		if (iMid + 1 <= iOpeRight)
		{
			Update(iNode * 2 + 1, iMid + 1, iSaveRight, iOpeLeft, iOpeRight, value);
		}
		// 如果有后代,至少两个后代
		OnUpdateParent(m_vArr[iNode], m_vArr[iNode * 2], m_vArr[iNode * 2 + 1]);
	}
	void Fresh(int iNode, int iDataLeft, int iDataRight)
	{
		if (m_recordNull == m_vRecord[iNode])
		{
			return;
		}
		const int iMid = iDataLeft + (iDataRight - iDataLeft) / 2;
		Update(iNode * 2, iDataLeft, iMid, iDataLeft, iMid, m_vRecord[iNode]);
		Update(iNode * 2 + 1, iMid + 1, iDataRight, iMid + 1, iDataRight, m_vRecord[iNode]);
		m_vRecord[iNode] = m_recordNull;
	}
	const int m_iEleSize;
	vector<TSave> m_vArr;
	vector<TRecord> m_vRecord;
	const TRecord m_recordNull;
};

样例汇总

【线段树】【前缀和】:1687从仓库到码头运输箱子

template<class TSave = int , class TRecord = int>
class CMinLineTree : public CLineTree<TSave, TRecord>
{
public:
	using CLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::CLineTree;
	int m_iQueryValue = INT_MAX;
protected:
	virtual void OnQuery(TSave& save) override
	{
		m_iQueryValue = min(m_iQueryValue, save);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) override
	{
		old += newRecord;
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r) override
	{
		par = min(left, r);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const int& len, const TRecord& update) override
	{
		save += update;
	}
	
};

【线段树】1622. 奇妙序列

  template<class TSave = C1097Int<>, class TRecord = pair<C1097Int<>,C1097Int<>> >
  class CMyLineTree : public CLineTree<TSave, TRecord>
  {
  public:
	  using CLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::CLineTree;	  
  protected:
	  virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) override
	  {
		  old.first *= newRecord.first;
		  old.second = old.second * newRecord.first + newRecord.second;
	  }
	  virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r) override
	  {
	  }
	  virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const int& len, const TRecord& iUpdate) override
	  {
		  save = save * iUpdate.first + iUpdate.second;
	  }
  };

【最大值线段树】【二分查找】2286. 以组为单位订音乐会的门票

template<class TSave, class TRecord, TRecord RecordNull = 0>
class CMaxLineTree : public CLineTree<TSave, TRecord, RecordNull>
{
	using CLineTree< TSave, TRecord, RecordNull>::CLineTree;
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) override
	{
		old = newRecord;
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r) override
	{
		par = max(left, r);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const int& len, const TRecord& iUpdate) override
	{
		save = iUpdate;
	}
};

【线段树】【区间更新】2916. 子数组不同元素数目的平方和 II

class CPOW2LineTree : public CLineTree<pair<C1097Int<>, C1097Int<>>,int>
{
public:
	typedef  pair<C1097Int<>, C1097Int<>> TSave;
	typedef int TRecord;
	const TRecord RecordNull = 0 ;
	using CLineTree::CLineTree;
	// 通过 CLineTree 继承
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) override
	{
		old += newRecord;
	}
	// 通过 CLineTree 继承
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r) override
	{
		par.first = left.first + r.first;
		par.second = left.second + r.second;
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const int& len, const TRecord& iUpdate) override
	{
		save.second += save.first * 2 * iUpdate + C1097Int<>(len) * iUpdate * iUpdate;
		save.first += C1097Int<>(iUpdate) * len;
	}
};

单点初始化

【线段树】【众数】1157数组中占绝大多数的元素

template<class TSave = std::pair<int,int>, class TRecord = int >
class CMyLineTree : public CSingUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord>
{
public:
	CMyLineTree(const vector<int>& arr):m_moreNum(arr),CSingUpdateLineTree<TSave,TRecord>(arr.size()){
		m_arr = arr;		
		CSingUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::Init();
	}
	int Query(int left, int r, int threshold)
	{
		m_vCan.clear();
		CSingUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::Query(left,r);
		auto [i1, i2] = m_moreNum.Query(left, r, m_vCan);
		return (i2 >= threshold) ? i1 : -1;
	}
protected:
	vector<int> m_vCan;
	virtual void OnQuery(TSave& save) override	{
		m_vCan.emplace_back(save.first);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const TRecord& update) override{};
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight) override	{
		vector<int> vCan = { left.first,r.first };
		par = m_moreNum.Query(iSaveLeft - 1, iSaveRight - 1, vCan);
	}	
	vector<int> m_arr;
	CMoreNum m_moreNum;
	virtual void OnInit(TSave& save, int iSave) override	{
		save = { m_arr[iSave - 1],1 };
	}
};

【线段树】2213. 由单个字符重复的最长子字符串

template<class TSave = std::tuple<int,int,int>, class TRecord = char, class TSaveCon = CUnorderMapSave<TSave> >
class CMyLineTree :public CSingUpdateLineTree<TSave,TRecord, TSaveCon>
{
public:
	CMyLineTree(const string& s) :m_s(s), CSingUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord, TSaveCon>(s.length() ,{ 0,0,0 }) {

	}
	void Update(int index, TRecord update) {
		m_s[index] = update;
		CSingUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord, TSaveCon>::Update(index, update);
	}
protected:
	virtual void OnInit(TSave& save, int iSave) override
	{
		save = { 1,1,1 };
	}
	virtual void OnQuery(TSave& save) override
	{
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, int iSaveLeft, const TRecord& update) override
	{
		save = { 1,1,1 };
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight) override
	{
		int i1 = get<0>(left);//最长前缀
		int i2 = max(get<1>(left), get<1>(r));//最长字符串
		int i3 = get<2>(r);//最长后缀
		const int mid = iSaveLeft + (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft) / 2;
		if (m_s[mid] == m_s[mid + 1])
		{//拼接
			i2 = max(i2, get<2>(left) + get<0>(r));
			if (mid - iSaveLeft + 1 == i1) {
				i1 += get<0>(r);
			}
			if (iSaveRight - mid == i3) {
				i3 += get<2>(left);
			}
		}
		par = { i1,i2,i3 };
	}
	 string m_s;
};

【线段树】2276. 统计区间中的整数数目

template<class TSave=int, class TRecord =int >
class CMyTreeRangeLineTree : public CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>
{	
public:
	using CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::CTreeRangeLineTree;
protected:
	virtual void OnQuery(TSave& save) override
	{
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight, const TRecord& update) override
	{ 
		save = update*(iSaveRight-iSaveLeft+1);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight) override
	{
		par = left + r;
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) override
	{
		old = newRecord;
	}
};

【线段树 有序映射】715. Range 模块

template<class TSave=int, class TRecord =int >
class CMyTreeRangeLineTree : public CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>
{	
public:
	using CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::CTreeRangeLineTree;
	bool queryRange(int left, int right) {
		m_bHas = true;
		CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::Query(left, right);
		return m_bHas;
	}
protected:
	bool m_bHas = true;
	virtual void OnQuery(const TSave& save, const int& iSaveLeft, const int& iSaveRight) override
	{
		m_bHas &= (save == (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft + 1));
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const int& iSaveLeft, const int& iSaveRight, const TRecord& update) override
	{ 
		save = update*(iSaveRight-iSaveLeft+1);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r, const int& iSaveLeft, const int& iSaveRight) override
	{
		par = left + r;
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) override
	{
		old = newRecord;
	}
};

其它有题解的题目

【键值皆有序map 线段树 数学 】100240. 最小化曼哈顿距离|最小线段树,单点更新,区间查询

template<class TSave=int, class TRecord =int >
class CMyTreeRangeLineTree : public CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>
{	
public:
	using CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::CTreeRangeLineTree;
	bool queryRange(int left, int right) {
		m_bHas = true;
		CTreeRangeLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::Query(left, right);
		return m_bHas;
	}
protected:
	bool m_bHas = true;
	virtual void OnQuery(TSave& save, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight) override
	{
		m_bHas &= (save == (iSaveRight - iSaveLeft + 1));
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight, const TRecord& update) override
	{ 
		save = update*(iSaveRight-iSaveLeft+1);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r, int iSaveLeft, int iSaveRight) override
	{
		par = left + r;
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) override
	{
		old = newRecord;
	}
};

【线段树 区间位运算模板】3117划分数组得到最小的值之和

template<class TSave = int , class TRecord = int >
class CMyLineTree : public CVectorRangeUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord>
{
public:
	CMyLineTree(int iSize,int iNotMay) :CVectorRangeUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord>(iSize,iNotMay,iNotMay){

	}
	void Query(int leftIndex, int leftRight) {
		m_iQuery = CVectorRangeUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::m_recordNull;
		CVectorRangeUpdateLineTree<TSave, TRecord>::Query(leftIndex, leftRight);
	}
	int m_iQuery;
protected:
	virtual void OnQuery(const TSave& save, const int& iSaveLeft, const int& iSaveRight)	{
		m_iQuery = min(m_iQuery, save);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdate(TSave& save, const int& iSaveLeft, const int& iSaveRight, const TRecord& update) {
		save = min(save,update);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateParent(TSave& par, const TSave& left, const TSave& r, const int& iSaveLeft, const int& iSaveRight) {
		par = min(left, r);
	}
	virtual void OnUpdateRecord(TRecord& old, const TRecord& newRecord) {
		old = min(newRecord,old);
	}
};

无题解的题目

LeetCode
LeetCode 218 际线问题最大值 离散化后 线段树区间修改,单点查询
LeetCode 315. 计算右侧小于当前元素的个数求和,单点修改,区间查询
LeetCode 327. 区间和的个数求和,前缀和是已知的,所以离散化。单点修改,区间查询
LeetCode 493. 翻转对求和,离散化后,单点修改,区间查询
LeetCode 699. 掉落的方块最大值,区间修改区间查询
LeetCode 715. Range 模块求和,无法离散化,麻烦。直接模拟或差分数组+树状数组。 区间修改,区间查询。
LeetCode 732. 我的日程安排表 III最大值,区间更新,区间查询
LeetCode 850. 矩形面积 II求和,离散化+扫描线。线段树实现维护当前x,各y是否被覆盖。可以覆盖多次,也可以解除覆盖。有覆盖时,求和时为1,没覆盖为0。
LeetCode 1505. 最多 K 次交换相邻数位后得到的最小整数求和,单点更新,单点查询
1521. 找到最接近目标值的函数值与和+二分查找。除了练习,没有任何必要使用线段树。
1649. 通过指令创建有序数组求和,单点更新,区间修改
2179. 统计数组中好三元组数目等价转换(重新编码)+求和,单点更新,区间求和
2213. 由单个字符重复的最长子字符串最长,单点修改,区间查询
2276. 统计区间中的整数数目无法离散化,用哈希。区间修改、区间查询
2407. 最长递增子序列 II最大值,单点修改,区间查询
2426. 满足不等式的数对数目离散化,求和,单点修改
2569. 更新数组后处理求和查询01反转,区间修改
2736. 最大和查询离线查询,最大值。单点更新,区间查找
2926. 平衡子序列的最大和最大值,单点更新,区间查询
2940. 找到 Alice 和 Bob 可以相遇的建筑二分查找+最大值线段树
3072. 将元素分配到两个数组中 II求和,单点修改,区间查询
LCP 05. 发 LeetCoinDFS时间序,求和线段树。区间修改、区间查询
LCP 09. 最小跳跃次数最小值,单点更新,区间查询

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我想对大家说的话
闻缺陷则喜是一个美好的愿望,早发现问题,早修改问题,给老板节约钱。
子墨子言之:事无终始,无务多业。也就是我们常说的专业的人做专业的事。
如果程序是一条龙,那算法就是他的是睛

测试环境

操作系统:win7 开发环境: VS2019 C++17
或者 操作系统:win10 开发环境: VS2022 C++17
如无特殊说明,本算法用**C++**实现。

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