考虑一个矩形 ABCD,我们给出了边 AD 和 BC 中点(分别为 p 和 q)的坐标以及它们的长度 L(AD = BC = L)。现在给定参数,我们需要打印 4 个点 A、B、C 和 D 的坐标。
例子:
输入:p = (1, 0)
q = (1, 2)
L = 2
输出:(0,0),(0,2),(2,2),(2,0)
解释:
打印的点形成一个矩形,
满足输入约束。
输入:p = (1, 1)
q = (-1, -1)
L = 2*sqrt(2)
输出:(0,2),(-2,0),(0,-2),(2,0)
从问题陈述中可能出现 3 种情况:
矩形是水平的,即 AD 和 BC 平行于 X 轴
矩形是垂直的,即 AD 和 BC 平行于 Y 轴
矩形与轴线呈一定角度倾斜
前两种情况很简单,使用基本几何学就可以轻松解决。对于第三种情况,我们需要应用一些数学概念来找到点。
为了清楚起见,请考虑上图。我们有 p 和 q 的坐标。因此,我们可以找到 AD 和 BC 的斜率(因为 pq 垂直于 AD)。一旦我们有了 AD 的斜率,我们就可以找到通过 AD 的直线方程。现在我们可以应用距离公式来获得沿 X 轴和 Y 轴的位移。
如果 AD 的斜率 = m,则 m = (px- qx)/(qy- py)
以及沿 X 轴的位移,dx = L/(2*sqrt(1+m*m))
类似地,dy = m*L/(2*sqrt(1+m*m))
现在,我们可以通过简单地加减相应获得的位移来找到 4 个角的坐标。
下面是实现过程:
// Java program to find corner points of
// a rectangle using given length and middle
// points.
class GFG
{
// Structure to represent a co-ordinate point
static class Point
{
float x, y;
Point()
{
x = y = 0;
}
Point(float a, float b)
{
x = a;
y = b;
}
};
// This function receives two points and length
// of the side of rectangle and prints the 4
// corner points of the rectangle
static void printCorners(Point p, Point q, float l)
{
Point a = new Point(), b = new Point(),
c = new Point(), d = new Point();
// horizontal rectangle
if (p.x == q.x)
{
a.x = (float) (p.x - (l / 2.0));
a.y = p.y;
d.x = (float) (p.x + (l / 2.0));
d.y = p.y;
b.x = (float) (q.x - (l / 2.0));
b.y = q.y;
c.x = (float) (q.x + (l / 2.0));
c.y = q.y;
}
// vertical rectangle
else if (p.y == q.y)
{
a.y = (float) (p.y - (l / 2.0));
a.x = p.x;
d.y = (float) (p.y + (l / 2.0));
d.x = p.x;
b.y = (float) (q.y - (l / 2.0));
b.x = q.x;
c.y = (float) (q.y + (l / 2.0));
c.x = q.x;
}
// slanted rectangle
else
{
// calculate slope of the side
float m = (p.x - q.x) / (q.y - p.y);
// calculate displacements along axes
float dx = (float) ((l / Math.sqrt(1 + (m * m))) * 0.5);
float dy = m * dx;
a.x = p.x - dx;
a.y = p.y - dy;
d.x = p.x + dx;
d.y = p.y + dy;
b.x = q.x - dx;
b.y = q.y - dy;
c.x = q.x + dx;
c.y = q.y + dy;
}
System.out.print((int)a.x + ", " + (int)a.y + " \n"
+ (int)b.x + ", " + (int)b.y + "\n"
+ (int)c.x + ", " + (int)c.y + " \n"
+ (int)d.x + ", " + (int)d.y + "\n");
}
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Point p1 = new Point(1, 0), q1 = new Point(1, 2);
printCorners(p1, q1, 2);
Point p = new Point(1, 1), q = new Point(-1, -1);
printCorners(p, q, (float) (2 * Math.sqrt(2)));
}
}
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji
输出:
0,0
0、2
2,2
2,0
0、2
-2,0
0、-2
2,0
时间复杂度: O(1)
辅助空间: O(1)