【笔记】android捕获触摸事件

【摘】捕获触摸事件

 

重写onTouchEvent()回调函数

 

 

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event){

        int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(event);

        switch(action) {
                case (MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) :
                Log.d(DEBUG_TAG,"Action was DOWN");
                return true;
        case (MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) :
                Log.d(DEBUG_TAG,"Action was MOVE");
                return true;
        case (MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) :
                Log.d(DEBUG_TAG,"Action was UP");
                return true;
        case (MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) :
                Log.d(DEBUG_TAG,"Action was CANCEL");
                return true;
        case (MotionEvent.ACTION_OUTSIDE) :
                Log.d(DEBUG_TAG,"Movement occurred outside bounds " +
                        "of current screen element");
                return true;
        default :
                return super.onTouchEvent(event);
        }
}

 

 

然后，我们可以对这些事件做些自己的处理，以判断某个手势是否出现了。这种是针对自定义手势，我们所需要进行的处理。然而，如果我们的app仅仅需要一些常见的手势，如双击，长按，快速滑动（fling）等，那么我们可以使用GestureDetector类来完成。

 

 

 

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements
        GestureDetector.OnGestureListener,
        GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener{

    private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "Gestures";
    private GestureDetectorCompat mDetector;

    // Called when the activity is first created.
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // Instantiate the gesture detector with the
        // application context and an implementation of
        // GestureDetector.OnGestureListener
        mDetector = new GestureDetectorCompat(this,this);
        // Set the gesture detector as the double tap
        // listener.
        mDetector.setOnDoubleTapListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event){
        this.mDetector.onTouchEvent(event);
        // Be sure to call the superclass implementation
        return super.onTouchEvent(event);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onDown(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG,"onDown: " + event.toString());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onFling(MotionEvent event1, MotionEvent event2,
            float velocityX, float velocityY) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onFling: " + event1.toString()+event2.toString());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onLongPress(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onLongPress: " + event.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float distanceX,
            float distanceY) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onScroll: " + e1.toString()+e2.toString());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onShowPress(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onShowPress: " + event.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onSingleTapUp: " + event.toString());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onDoubleTap(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onDoubleTap: " + event.toString());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onDoubleTapEvent: " + event.toString());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onSingleTapConfirmed: " + event.toString());
        return true;
    }
}

 

如果我们只想处理几种手势，那么可以选择继承 GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener 类，而不是实现GestureDetector.OnGestureListener 接口。

GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener 类实现了所有的 on<TouchEvent> 型函数，其中，这些函数都返回false。因此，我们可以仅仅重写我们需要的函数。比如，下面的代码段中，创建了一个继承自GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener 的类，并重写了 onFling() 和 onDown() 函数。

无论我们是否使用GestureDetector.OnGestureListener类，最好都实现 onDown() 函数并且返回 true。这是因为所有的手势都是由 onDown() 消息开始的。如果让 onDown() 函数返回 false，就像GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener类中默认实现的那样，系统会假定我们想忽略剩余的手势，GestureDetector.OnGestureListener中的其他函数也就永远不会被调用。这可能会导致我们的app出现意想不到的问题。仅仅当我们真的想忽略全部手势时，我们才应该让 onDown() 函数返回 false。

 

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private GestureDetectorCompat mDetector;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mDetector = new GestureDetectorCompat(this, new MyGestureListener());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event){
        this.mDetector.onTouchEvent(event);
        return super.onTouchEvent(event);
    }

    class MyGestureListener extends GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener {
        private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "Gestures";

        @Override
        public boolean onDown(MotionEvent event) {
            Log.d(DEBUG_TAG,"onDown: " + event.toString());
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onFling(MotionEvent event1, MotionEvent event2,
                float velocityX, float velocityY) {
            Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onFling: " + event1.toString()+event2.toString());
            return true;
        }
    }
}

 

根据应用的需求，有多种追踪手势移动的方式可以选择。比如：

• 追踪手指的起始和终止位置（比如，把屏幕上的对象从A点移动到B点）
• 根据x、y轴坐标，追踪手指移动的方向。
• 追踪历史状态。我们可以通过调用MotionEvent的getHistorySize()方法，来获得一个手势的历史尺寸。我们可以通过移动事件的getHistorical<Value>系列函数，来获得事件之前的位置、尺寸、时间以及按压力(pressures)。当我们需要绘制用户手指痕迹时，历史状态非常有用，比如触摸绘图。查看MotionEvent来了解更多细节。
• 追踪手指在触摸屏上滑过的速度。Android提供了VelocityTracker类以及Support Library中的VelocityTrackerCompat类。VelocityTracker类可以帮助我们追踪触摸事件中的速度因素。

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "Velocity";
        ...
    private VelocityTracker mVelocityTracker = null;
    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        int index = event.getActionIndex();
        int action = event.getActionMasked();
        int pointerId = event.getPointerId(index);

        switch(action) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                if(mVelocityTracker == null) {
                    // Retrieve a new VelocityTracker object to watch the velocity of a motion.
                    mVelocityTracker = VelocityTracker.obtain();
                }
                else {
                    // Reset the velocity tracker back to its initial state.
                    mVelocityTracker.clear();
                }
                // Add a user's movement to the tracker.
                mVelocityTracker.addMovement(event);
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                mVelocityTracker.addMovement(event);
                // When you want to determine the velocity, call
                // computeCurrentVelocity(). Then call getXVelocity()
                // and getYVelocity() to retrieve the velocity for each pointer ID.
                mVelocityTracker.computeCurrentVelocity(1000);
                // Log velocity of pixels per second
                // Best practice to use VelocityTrackerCompat where possible.
                Log.d("", "X velocity: " +
                        VelocityTrackerCompat.getXVelocity(mVelocityTracker,
                        pointerId));
                Log.d("", "Y velocity: " +
                        VelocityTrackerCompat.getYVelocity(mVelocityTracker,
                        pointerId));
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                // Return a VelocityTracker object back to be re-used by others.
                mVelocityTracker.recycle();
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

 

 

 

追踪多点

当多个手指同时触摸屏幕时，系统会产生如下的触摸事件：

• ACTION_DOWN - 针对触摸屏幕的第一个点。此事件是手势的开端。第一触摸点的数据在MotionEvent中的索引总是0。
• ACTION_POINTER_DOWN - 针对第一点后，出现在屏幕上额外的点。这个点的数据在MotionEvent中的索引，可以通过getActionIndex()获得。
• ACTION_MOVE - 在按下手势期间发生变化。
• ACTION_POINTER_UP - 当非主要点（non-primary pointer）离开屏幕时，发送此事件。
• ACTION_UP - 当最后一点离开屏幕时发送此事件。

 

拖拽一个对象

对于触摸手势来说，一个很常见的操作是在屏幕上拖拽一个对象。接下来的代码段让用户可以拖拽屏幕上的图片。需要注意以下几点：

• 拖拽操作时，即使有额外的手指放置到屏幕上了，app也必须保持对最初的点（手指）的追踪。比如，想象在拖拽图片时，用户放置了第二根手指在屏幕上，并且抬起了第一根手指。如果我们的app只是单独地追踪每个点，它会把第二个点当做默认的点，并且把图片移到该点的位置。
• 为了防止这种情况发生，我们的app需要区分初始点以及随后任意的触摸点。要做到这一点，它需要追踪处理多触摸手势章节中提到过的 ACTION_POINTER_DOWN 和 ACTION_POINTER_UP 事件。每当第二根手指按下或拿起时，ACTION_POINTER_DOWN 和 ACTION_POINTER_UP 事件就会传递给onTouchEvent()回调函数。
• 当ACTION_POINTER_UP事件发生时，示例程序会移除对该点的索引值的引用，确保操作中的点的ID(the active pointer ID)不会引用已经不在触摸屏上的触摸点。这种情况下，app会选择另一个触摸点来作为操作中(active)的点，并保存它当前的x、y值。由于在ACTION_MOVE事件时，这个保存的位置会被用来计算屏幕上的对象将要移动的距离，所以app会始终根据正确的触摸点来计算移动的距离。

 

 

// The ‘active pointer’ is the one currently moving our object.
private int mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER_ID;

@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    // Let the ScaleGestureDetector inspect all events.
    mScaleDetector.onTouchEvent(ev);

    final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev);

    switch (action) {
    case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {
        final int pointerIndex = MotionEventCompat.getActionIndex(ev);
        final float x = MotionEventCompat.getX(ev, pointerIndex);
        final float y = MotionEventCompat.getY(ev, pointerIndex);

        // Remember where we started (for dragging)
        mLastTouchX = x;
        mLastTouchY = y;
        // Save the ID of this pointer (for dragging)
        mActivePointerId = MotionEventCompat.getPointerId(ev, 0);
        break;
    }

    case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
        // Find the index of the active pointer and fetch its position
        final int pointerIndex =
                MotionEventCompat.findPointerIndex(ev, mActivePointerId);

        final float x = MotionEventCompat.getX(ev, pointerIndex);
        final float y = MotionEventCompat.getY(ev, pointerIndex);

        // Calculate the distance moved
        final float dx = x - mLastTouchX;
        final float dy = y - mLastTouchY;

        mPosX += dx;
        mPosY += dy;

        invalidate();

        // Remember this touch position for the next move event
        mLastTouchX = x;
        mLastTouchY = y;

        break;
    }

    case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
        mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER_ID;
        break;
    }

    case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: {
        mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER_ID;
        break;
    }

    case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP: {

        final int pointerIndex = MotionEventCompat.getActionIndex(ev);
        final int pointerId = MotionEventCompat.getPointerId(ev, pointerIndex);

        if (pointerId == mActivePointerId) {
            // This was our active pointer going up. Choose a new
            // active pointer and adjust accordingly.
            final int newPointerIndex = pointerIndex == 0 ? 1 : 0;
            mLastTouchX = MotionEventCompat.getX(ev, newPointerIndex);
            mLastTouchY = MotionEventCompat.getY(ev, newPointerIndex);
            mActivePointerId = MotionEventCompat.getPointerId(ev, newPointerIndex);
        }
        break;
    }
    }
    return true;
}