用 Optional.ofNullable 避免java出现空指针异常

java屏蔽了指针，但是空指针是个例外。java8 加入了Optional，可以更优雅的避免空指针异常。举例说明

package com.ioufev.mqtt.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Auther: Zg
 * @Date: 2023/1/4 - 01 - 04 - 22:27
 * @Description: com.ioufev.mqtt.entities
 * @version: 1.0
 */
@Data
@Builder
@Slf4j
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Date date;
}

方式1，传统方法，并不能检测出空指针：

    @SneakyThrows
    @Test
    void nullPointerExTest1() {
        Student stuNull = null;
        Student stu = Student.builder()
                .id(1)
                .date(new Timestamp(new Date().getTime()))
                .name("antetokounmpo")
                .sex("male")
                .build();

        //方式一：不能检测出空指针：
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        Field[] fields = stuNull.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

        for (Field f : Arrays.asList(fields)
             ) {
            f.setAccessible(true);

            map.put(f.getName(),f.get(stuNull));
        }

        for (Map.Entry<String,Object> entry : map.entrySet()
        ) {
            log.info(entry.getKey() +"---->"+entry.getValue());
        }
    }

方式2：虽然也出现了空指针，但是直接跳转到了 new Field[]{} 避免了空指针

    @SneakyThrows
    @Test
    void nullPointerExTest2(){
        Student stuNull = null;
        Student stu = Student.builder()
                .id(1)
                .date(new Timestamp(new Date().getTime()))
                .name("antetokounmpo")
                .sex("male")
                .build();

        //方式二：能检测出空指针：
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        Field[] fields = Optional.ofNullable(stuNull)
                .map(x -> x.getClass())
                .map(y -> y.getDeclaredFields())
                .orElse(new Field[]{});


        for (Field f : Arrays.asList(fields)
        ) {
            f.setAccessible(true);

            map.put(f.getName(),f.get(stuNull));
        }

        for (Map.Entry<String,Object> entry : map.entrySet()
        ) {
            log.info(entry.getKey() +"---->"+entry.getValue());
        }
    }

正确的写法：

    @Test
    void nullPointerExTest3(){
        Student stuNull = null;
        Student student = new Student();
        Student stu = Student.builder()
                .id(1)
                .date(new Timestamp(new Date().getTime()))
                .name("antetokounmpo")
                .sex("male")
                .build();

        //方式二：能检测出空指针：
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        Field[] fields = Optional.ofNullable(student)
                .map(Student::getClass)
                .map(Class::getDeclaredFields)
                .orElse(new Field[]{});


        Arrays.asList(fields).forEach(field -> {
            field.setAccessible(true);
            try {
                map.put(field.getName(),field.get(stu));
            }

            catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        map.entrySet().forEach(entry->{
            log.info(entry.getKey()+"---->"+ entry.getValue());
        });
    }

C# 中 有更优雅的写法：

            EmployeeInfo employeeInfo = new EmployeeInfo();

            string s = (employeeInfo?.EmpPYNo); 
            //判断employeeInfo 是否为null。 如果为null则不执行后面的方法，属性，直接返回null


            string ss = employeeInfo.Phone ?? employeeInfo.EmpName; 
            //如果employeeInfo.Phone 存在则返回左边，否则右边