本文来自http://blog.csdn.net/hellogv/ ，引用必须注明出处！
最近NFC支付挺火的，趁国庆宅在家，学习下Android 卡模拟(Host-based Card Emulation)。HCE的特点是模拟智能IC卡(ISO 7816-4)，可用于金融和行业应用，相应地，CardReader例子中使用IsoDep。
智能IC卡本身是一个微型计算机，常见为Java Card平台，特别是多功能集于一身的卡（如联名卡），Java Card比J2ME更加硬件受限。Java Card可以运行一到多个Java Applet，这些Applet也就是卡应用，例如一张能刷公交的银行卡可能就包含了2个Applet。每个Applet都有一个AID，受理终端（刷卡设备）通过AID来找到对应的卡应用（受理终端向卡发送SELECT命令），受理终端找到对应的卡应用后就可以进行数据交互，交互的数据一般是密文，不联机解密的话，用对称算法，联机解密的话，用非对称和对称算法都行。
HCE是软件模拟的智能IC卡，所以也会有AID。本文CardEmulation只注册一个AID。本文的代码改自Android 4.4 Sample，没改动CardEmulation，简化CardReader并支持Android 2.3系统，适应低版本的NFC手机做虚拟卡的卡读取了。使用努比亚Z7 MAX做CardEmulation，小米 2A作CardReader。本文的代码可以到http://pan.baidu.com/s/1o6JnXr0下载。个人觉得阅读CardReader核心代码更能了解2者交互的过程：
public final class CardReader {
private static final String TAG = "LoyaltyCardReader";
// AID for our loyalty card service.
private static final String SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID = "F222222222";
// ISO-DEP command HEADER for selecting an AID.
// Format: [Class | Instruction | Parameter 1 | Parameter 2]
private static final String SELECT_APDU_HEADER = "00A40400";
// "OK" status word sent in response to SELECT AID command (0x9000)
private static final byte[] SELECT_OK_SW = {(byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x00};
public static String[][] TECHLISTS;
public static IntentFilter[] FILTERS;
static {
try {
//the tech lists used to perform matching for dispatching of the ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED intent
TECHLISTS = new String[][] { { IsoDep.class.getName() },
{ NfcV.class.getName() }, { NfcF.class.getName() }, };
FILTERS = new IntentFilter[] { new IntentFilter(
NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED, "*/*") };
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
static public String tagDiscovered(Tag tag) {
Log.i(TAG, "New tag discovered");
// Android's Host-based Card Emulation (HCE) feature implements the
// ISO-DEP (ISO 14443-4)
// protocol.
//
// In order to communicate with a device using HCE, the discovered tag
// should be processed
// using the IsoDep class.
IsoDep isoDep = IsoDep.get(tag);
if (isoDep != null) {
try {
// Connect to the remote NFC device
isoDep.connect();
// Build SELECT AID command for our loyalty card service.
// This command tells the remote device which service we wish to
// communicate with.
Log.i(TAG, "Requesting remote AID: " + SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID);
byte[] command = BuildSelectApdu(SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID);
// Send command to remote device
Log.i(TAG, "Sending: " + ByteArrayToHexString(command));
byte[] result = isoDep.transceive(command);
// If AID is successfully selected, 0x9000 is returned as the
// status word (last 2
// bytes of the result) by convention. Everything before the
// status word is
// optional payload, which is used here to hold the account
// number.
int resultLength = result.length;
byte[] statusWord = { result[resultLength - 2],
result[resultLength - 1] };
byte[] payload = Arrays.copyOf(result, resultLength - 2);
if (Arrays.equals(SELECT_OK_SW, statusWord)) {
// The remote NFC device will immediately respond with its
// stored account number
String accountNumber = new String(payload, "UTF-8");
Log.i(TAG, "Received: " + accountNumber);
// Inform CardReaderFragment of received account number
return accountNumber;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Error communicating with card: " + e.toString());
}
}
return null;
}
public static String load(Parcelable parcelable) {
// 从Parcelable筛选出各类NFC标准数据
final Tag tag = (Tag) parcelable;
return tagDiscovered(tag);
}
/**
* Build APDU for SELECT AID command. This command indicates which service a reader is
* interested in communicating with. See ISO 7816-4.
*
* @param aid Application ID (AID) to select
* @return APDU for SELECT AID command
*/
public static byte[] BuildSelectApdu(String aid) {
// Format: [CLASS | INSTRUCTION | PARAMETER 1 | PARAMETER 2 | LENGTH | DATA]
return HexStringToByteArray(SELECT_APDU_HEADER + String.format("%02X", aid.length() / 2) + aid);
}
/**
* Utility class to convert a byte array to a hexadecimal string.
*
* @param bytes Bytes to convert
* @return String, containing hexadecimal representation.
*/
public static String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
final char[] hexArray = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
int v;
for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
}
return new String(hexChars);
}
/**
* Utility class to convert a hexadecimal string to a byte string.
*
* <p>Behavior with input strings containing non-hexadecimal characters is undefined.
*
* @param s String containing hexadecimal characters to convert
* @return Byte array generated from input
*/
public static byte[] HexStringToByteArray(String s) {
int len = s.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
+ Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
}
return data;
}简单地说：
1。CardReader使用SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID + SELECT_APDU_HEADER 生成 SELECT APDU;
2。CardReader发送SELECT APDU到CardEmulation后，CardEmulation返回SELECT_OK_SW + accountNumber。
其中SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID ，SELECT_APDU_HEADER ，SELECT_OK_SW 都必须是CardReader与CardEmulation双方定义好的。
另外，CardReader在4.4和4.4以下系统的用法也略有不同，4.4以下系统用onNewIntent（），4.4系统就要通过enableReaderMode（）方法，如果4.4系统用onNewIntent（）的话，会导致一直P2P，而不是卡与读卡器的关系。
public final class NFCard extends Activity {
private NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
private PendingIntent pendingIntent;
private EditText board;
private int sysVersion;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.cardreader);
board = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.editText1);
nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this,
getClass()).addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP), 0);
//区分系统版本
sysVersion = Integer.parseInt(VERSION.SDK);
if(sysVersion<19)
onNewIntent(getIntent());
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
if (nfcAdapter != null){
nfcAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(this);
disableReaderMode();
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (nfcAdapter != null){
nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(this, pendingIntent,
CardReader.FILTERS, CardReader.TECHLISTS);
enableReaderMode();
}
Log.e("NFC----", IsoDep.class.getName());
refreshStatus();
}
@Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
super.onNewIntent(intent);
final Parcelable p = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
Log.d("NFCTAG", intent.getAction());
board.setText((p != null) ? CardReader.load(p) : null);
}
@TargetApi(19)
private void enableReaderMode() {
if(sysVersion<19)
return;
int READER_FLAGS = NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_NFC_A | NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_SKIP_NDEF_CHECK;
if (nfcAdapter != null) {
nfcAdapter.enableReaderMode(this, new MyReaderCallback(), READER_FLAGS, null);
}
}
@TargetApi(19)
private void disableReaderMode() {
if(sysVersion<19)
return;
if (nfcAdapter != null) {
nfcAdapter.disableReaderMode(this);
}
}
@TargetApi(19)
public class MyReaderCallback implements NfcAdapter.ReaderCallback {
@Override
public void onTagDiscovered(final Tag arg0) {
NFCard.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
board.setText(CardReader.tagDiscovered(arg0));
}
});
}
}
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
refreshStatus();
}
private void refreshStatus() {
final String tip;
if (nfcAdapter == null)
tip = this.getResources().getString(R.string.tip_nfc_notfound);
else if (nfcAdapter.isEnabled())
tip = this.getResources().getString(R.string.tip_nfc_enabled);
else
tip = this.getResources().getString(R.string.tip_nfc_disabled);
final StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(
this.getResources().getString(R.string.app_name));
s.append(" -- ").append(tip);
setTitle(s);
}
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