原型模式:用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象;
该模式实质就是从一个对象再创建另外一个可定制的对象,而且不需要知道任何创建的细节;
优点:不用重新初始化对象,而是动态地获得了对象运行时的状态;
原型模式UML类图为:
原型模式浅复制:
简历类、工作经历类定义与实现:resume.h
#ifndef RESUME_H
#define RESUME_H
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class WorkExperience
{
private:
string workDate;
string company;
public:
WorkExperience(string wd,string comp):workDate(wd),company(comp){}
WorkExperience(){}
void setWorkDate(string wd){workDate=wd;}
void setCompany(string comp){company=comp;}
string getWorkDate(){return workDate;}
string getCompany(){return company;}
};
class Resume
{
private:
string name;
string sex;
string age;
WorkExperience *work;
public:
Resume(string sname):name(sname)
{
work=new WorkExperience();
}
Resume operator=(const Resume &r)
{
name=r.name;
sex=r.sex;
age=r.age;
}
void setPersonalInfo(string ssex,string sage)
{
sex=ssex;
age=sage;
}
void setWorkExperience(string wd,string comp)
{
//浅拷贝
//work->setWorkDate(wd);
//work->setCompany(comp);
//深拷贝
//work=new WorkExperience();
work->setWorkDate(wd);
work->setCompany(comp);
}
void display()
{
cout << name << ' '<<sex << ' '<<age << ' '<< endl;
cout << work->getWorkDate() << ' '<<work->getCompany()<< ' '<< endl;
}
};
#endif
客户端代码同下面深复制:
代码输出为:
原型模式深复制:
简历类、工作经历类定义与实现:resume.h
#ifndef RESUME_H
#define RESUME_H
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class WorkExperience
{
private:
string workDate;
string company;
public:
WorkExperience(string wd,string comp):workDate(wd),company(comp){}
WorkExperience(){}
void setWorkDate(string wd){workDate=wd;}
void setCompany(string comp){company=comp;}
string getWorkDate(){return workDate;}
string getCompany(){return company;}
};
class Resume
{
private:
string name;
string sex;
string age;
WorkExperience work;
public:
Resume(string sname):name(sname)
{
//work=new WorkExperience();
}
Resume operator=(const Resume &r)
{
name=r.name;
sex=r.sex;
age=r.age;
}
void setPersonalInfo(string ssex,string sage)
{
sex=ssex;
age=sage;
}
void setWorkExperience(string wd,string comp)
{
//浅拷贝
//work->setWorkDate(wd);
//work->setCompany(comp);
//深拷贝
//work=new WorkExperience();
work.setWorkDate(wd);
work.setCompany(comp);
}
void display()
{
cout << name << ' '<<sex << ' '<<age << ' '<< endl;
cout << work.getWorkDate() << ' '<<work.getCompany()<< ' '<< endl;
}
};
#endif
客户端代码:
#include "resume.h"
int main()
{
string date=string("1998-2000");
string company=string("xx company");
Resume a("daniao");
a.setPersonalInfo("male","29");
a.setWorkExperience(date,company);
Resume b=a;
date=string("1998-2006");
company=string("yy company");
b.setWorkExperience(date,company);
Resume c=a;
date=string("1998-2003");
company=string("zz company");
c.setWorkExperience(date,company);
a.display();
b.display();
c.display();
return 0;
}
代码输出为:
C++实现深复制即通过复制赋值构造函数实现;
浅复制时,将Resume类中的成员变量定义为指向WorkExperience类的指针,这样使得每个拷贝的对象的work成员变量实质指向同一个对象;
深复制时,将Resume类中的成员变量定义为一个WorkExperience对象实例,其他拷贝类Resume的work成员变量实质上为新的对象,位于内存的不同位置;