C++实现委托的几种方法（摘录）

You have an incredible number of choices to achieve delegates in C++. Here are the ones that came to my mind.

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Option 1 : functors:

A function object may be created by implementing operator()

struct Functor
{
     // Normal class/struct members

     int operator()(double d) // Arbitrary return types and parameter list
     {
          return (int) d + 1;
     }
};

// Use:
Functor f;
int i = f(3.14);

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Option 2: lambda expressions (C++11 only)

// Syntax is roughly: [capture](parameter list) -> return type {block}
// Some shortcuts exist
auto func = [](int i) -> double { return 2*i/1.15; };
double d = func(1);

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Option 3: function pointers

int f(double d) { ... }
typedef int (*MyFuncT) (double d);
MyFuncT fp = &f;
int a = fp(3.14);

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Option 4: pointer to member functions (fastest solution)

See Fast C++ Delegate (on The Code Project).

struct DelegateList
{
     int f1(double d) { }
     int f2(double d) { }
};

typedef int (DelegateList::* DelegateType)(double d);

DelegateType d = &DelegateList::f1;
DelegateList list;
int a = (list.*d)(3.14);

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Option 5: std::function

(or boost::function if your standard library doesn't support it). It is slower, but it is the most flexible.

#include <functional>
std::function<int(double)> f = [can be set to about anything in this answer]
// Usually more useful as a parameter to another functions

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Option 6: binding

Allows setting some parameters in advance, convenient to call a member function for instance.

struct MyClass
{
    int DoStuff(double d); // actually a DoStuff(MyClass* this, double d)
};

std::function<int(double d)> f = std::bind(&MyClass::DoStuff, this, std::placeholders::_1);
// auto f = std::bind(...); in C++11

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Option 7: templates

Accept anything as long as it matches the argument list.

template <class FunctionT>
int DoSomething(FunctionT func)
{
    return func(3.14);
}