R语言画图入门

R语言画图入门

#  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

setwd("D://Code//RProgramming//学生成绩分析")

num=seq(3115393001,3115393100)

x1=round(runif(100, min=80,max=100))
# round四舍五入

x2=round(rnorm(100,mean = 80,sd = 7))
x2[which(x2>100)]=100

x3=round(rnorm(100,mean=83,sd=18))
x3[which(x3>100)]=100

x=data.frame(num,x1,x2,x3)
# write.csv(x,file = "学生成绩.csv")
# write.table(x,file = "Score.txt",col.names = F, row.names = F, sep = " ")
# write.table(x,file = "Score1.txt")

#  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
apply(x, 2, max)
apply(x, 2, min)
# 2表示在列的方向的最大值

apply(x[c("x1","x2","x3")], 1, sum)
# 求解每个同学的成绩总和

which.max(apply(x[c("x1","x2","x3")], 1, sum))
# 求出最高分的号码

x$num[which.max(apply(x[c("x1","x2","x3")], 1, sum))]
# 求解学号

#  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

hist(x$x1)
# 画出直方图

plot(x$x1,x$x2)

table(x$x1)
# 统计函数
barplot(table(x$x1))
# 柱状图

pie(table(x$x1))
# 饼形图

boxplot(x$x1,x$x2,x$x3)
# 箱尾图75%和25%的分位数

boxplot(x[2:4],col = c("red","green","blue"),notch = T)
# north表示有插口的

boxplot(x$x1,x$x2,x$x3, horizontal = T)

stars(x[c("x1","x2","x3")])
# 数据框里面的内容用数组表示

stars(x[c("x1","x2","x3")],full = T,draw.segments = T)
# 特殊的星星图，雷达图

stem(x$x1)
stem(x$x2)
stem(x$x3)
# 茎叶图

qqnorm(x1)
qqline(x1)
qqnorm(x3)
qqline(x3)
# 这个QQ图形主要是查看是不是正态分布


#  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 散点图的进阶
plot(x$x1,x$x2,
     main="数学分析和线性代数的关系",
     xlab="数学分析",
     ylab = "线性代数",
     xlim=c(70,100),
     ylim=c(50,100),
     # 坐标轴的变化范围
     xaxs="i",
     yaxs="i",
     # 坐标轴使用内置的样式
     col="red",
     # 点的颜色
     pch=19
     # 点的形状
     )



# 连线图
a=c(2,3,4,5,6)
b=c(4,7,8,9,12)
plot(a,b)
plot(a,b,type = "l")

plot(x$x1,type="l",col="red",
    ylim=c(0,100),
    main="Main",
    xlab="x",
    ylab="y",
    lwd=2
    # 线宽
)
lines(x$x2,type = "l",col="blue",lwd=2)
lines(x$x3,type = "l",col="green",lwd=2)
# plot是高水平的画图
# line是低水平的画图