Linux 提供了一系列网络接口操作相关的命令集,其中,一些传统的工具,如 net-tools 软件包中的 ifconfig(8),arp(8),route(8) 等都是通过 ioctl(2) 系统调用实现。
本篇介绍使用 ioctl(2) 进行网络接口参数的获取与设置。
1 函数介绍
头文件:
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
函数原型:
int ioctl(int fd, int request, ...);
函数参数:
- 第一个参数 fd 指定一个由 open(2)/socket(2) 创建的文件描述符;
- 第二个参数 request 指定操作的类型,即对该文件描述符执行何种操作;
- 第三个参数为一块内存区域,通常依赖于 request 指定的操作类型。
2 接口参数与操作的相关定义
内核版本:2.6.32.5
ioctl(2) 使用 struct ifreq 与/或 struct ifconf 结构执行网络接口相关的操作,这两个结构的地址作为 ioctl(2) 的第三个参数。如下:
/* include/linux/if.h */
#define IFNAMSIZ 16
#define IFALIASZ 256
struct ifreq
{
#define IFHWADDRLEN 6
union {
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ];
} ifr_ifrn;
union {
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
void __user * ifru_data;
struct if_settings ifru_settings;
} ifr_ifru;
};
#define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name */
#define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address */
#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */
#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */
#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric */
#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */
#define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map */
#define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device */
#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
#define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */
#define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* link bandwidth */
#define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* Queue length */
#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name */
#define ifr_settings ifr_ifru.ifru_settings /* Device/proto settings */
struct ifconf
{
int ifc_len;
union {
char __user *ifcu_buf;
struct ifreq __user *ifcu_req;
} ifc_ifcu;
};
#define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf /* buffer address */
#define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req /* array of structures */
操作类型,ioctl(2) 的第二个参数,如下:
/* include/linux/sockios.h */
/* Socket configuration controls. */
#define SIOCGIFNAME 0x8910 /* get iface name */
#define SIOCSIFLINK 0x8911 /* set iface channel */
#define SIOCGIFCONF 0x8912 /* get iface list */
#define SIOCGIFFLAGS 0x8913 /* get flags */
#define SIOCSIFFLAGS 0x8914 /* set flags */
#define SIOCGIFADDR 0x8915 /* get PA address */
#define SIOCSIFADDR 0x8916 /* set PA address */
#define SIOCGIFDSTADDR 0x8917 /* get remote PA address */
#define SIOCSIFDSTADDR 0x8918 /* set remote PA address */
#define SIOCGIFBRDADDR 0x8919 /* get broadcast PA address */
#define SIOCSIFBRDADDR 0x891a /* set broadcast PA address */
#define SIOCGIFNETMASK 0x891b /* get network PA mask */
#define SIOCSIFNETMASK 0x891c /* set network PA mask */
#define SIOCGIFMETRIC 0x891d /* get metric */
#define SIOCSIFMETRIC 0x891e /* set metric */
#define SIOCGIFMEM 0x891f /* get memory address (BSD) */
#define SIOCSIFMEM 0x8920 /* set memory address (BSD) */
#define SIOCGIFMTU 0x8921 /* get MTU size */
#define SIOCSIFMTU 0x8922 /* set MTU size */
#define SIOCSIFNAME 0x8923 /* set interface name */
#define SIOCSIFHWADDR 0x8924 /* set hardware address */
#define SIOCGIFENCAP 0x8925 /* get/set encapsulations */
#define SIOCSIFENCAP 0x8926
#define SIOCGIFHWADDR 0x8927 /* Get hardware address */
#define SIOCGIFSLAVE 0x8929 /* Driver slaving support */
#define SIOCSIFSLAVE 0x8930
#define SIOCADDMULTI 0x8931 /* Multicast address lists */
#define SIOCDELMULTI 0x8932
#define SIOCGIFINDEX 0x8933 /* name -> if_index mapping */
#define SIOGIFINDEX SIOCGIFINDEX /* misprint compatibility :-) */
#define SIOCSIFPFLAGS 0x8934 /* set/get extended flags set */
#define SIOCGIFPFLAGS 0x8935
#define SIOCDIFADDR 0x8936 /* delete PA address */
#define SIOCSIFHWBROADCAST 0x8937 /* set hardware broadcast addr */
#define SIOCGIFCOUNT 0x8938 /* get number of devices */
...
#define SIOCETHTOOL 0x8946 /* Ethtool interface */
3 一般步骤
通过 ioctl(2) 执行网络接口参数的获取/设置的一般步骤为:
- 通过 socket(2) 创建 IP 套接字;由于 ioctl(2) 此时是与内核通信,因此对套接字的通信域与类型没有强制要求,通信域可以为 AF_INET/AF_LOCAL,类型可以为 SOCK_DGRAM/SOCK_STREAM/SOCK_RAW 等;
- 初始化 struct ifconf 与/或 struct ifreq 结构;
- 对套接字描述符调用 ioctl(2),执行相应类型的 SIO 操作;
- 获取返回至 truct ifconf 与/或 struct ifreq 结构中的相关信息。
4 示例程序
本地网络接口信息:eth0 网线已连接且已配置 IPv4 地址,eth1 网线未连接且未配置 IPv4 地址:
# ip l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ed:9d:28 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ed:9d:32 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ed:9d:28 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.56.139/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feed:9d28/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ed:9d:32 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4.1 通过 SIOCGIFCONF 操作获取系统中所有的网络接口
/* list_network_interfaces_ioctl.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <string.h>
#define BUFSIZE 1024
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sfd, if_count, i;
struct ifconf ifc;
struct ifreq ifr[10];
char ipaddr[INET_ADDRSTRLEN] = {'\0'};
memset(&ifc, 0, sizeof(struct ifconf));
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
ifc.ifc_len = 10 * sizeof(struct ifreq);
ifc.ifc_buf = (char *)ifr;
/* SIOCGIFCONF is IP specific. see netdevice(7) */
ioctl(sfd, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc);
if_count = ifc.ifc_len / (sizeof(struct ifreq));
for (i = 0; i < if_count; i++) {
printf("Interface %s : ", ifr[i].ifr_name);
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr[i].ifr_addr))->sin_addr), ipaddr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
printf("%s\n", ipaddr);
}
close(sfd);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
编译并运行:
# gcc list_network_interfaces_ioctl.c -g -o list_network_interfaces_ioctl
# ./list_network_interfaces_ioctl
Interface lo : 127.0.0.1
Interface eth0 : 192.168.56.139
4.2 通过 SIOCGIFADDR 操作获取指定网络接口的 IPv4 地址
/* get_interface_ip_address_ioctl.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
static char *get_ipaddr(const char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [network interface name]\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {'\0'};
strncpy(ifname, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ-1);
char *ip = get_ipaddr(ifname);
printf("Interface %s : %s\n", ifname, ip);
return 0;
}
static char *get_ipaddr(const char *dev)
{
int sfd, saved_errno, ret;
struct ifreq ifr;
char *ipaddr;
ipaddr = (char *)malloc(INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET;
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
errno = saved_errno;
ret = ioctl(sfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr);
if (ret == -1) {
if (errno == 19) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : No such device.\n", dev);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (errno == 99) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : No IPv4 address assigned.\n", dev);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
saved_errno = errno;
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(((struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr)->sin_addr), ipaddr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
close(sfd);
return ipaddr;
}
编译并运行:
# gcc get_interface_ip_address_ioctl.c -g -o get_interface_ip_address_ioctl
#
# ./get_interface_ip_address_ioctl eth0
Interface eth0 : 192.168.56.139
#
# ./get_interface_ip_address_ioctl eth1
Interface eth1 : No IPv4 address assigned.
#
# ./get_interface_ip_address_ioctl eth2
Interface eth2 : No such device.
SIOCGIFADDR 操作使用 struct ifreq 中的 ifr_ifru.ifru_addr 字段;ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name 指定为网络接口名称并调用 ioctl(SIOCGIFADDR),返回后将 ifr_ifru.ifru_addr 转换为 IPv4 套接字地址结构,IPv4 地址保存在该结构中的 sin_addr 字段中。
SIOCGIFCONF 与 SIOCGIFADDR 属于 IPv4 特定的操作,对于未配置 IPv4 地址的网络接口,ioctl(SIOCGIFCONF) 返回时不会分配 struct ifreq 结构,因而不会返回该接口的名称,而 ioctl(SIOCGIFADDR) 将以 errno 值99(Cannot assign requested address)而调用失败;若指定了系统中不存在的网络接口,则 errno 的值为19(No such device)。
SIOCGIFCONF 与 SIOCGIFADDR 无法获取网络接口的 IPv6 地址,ioctl 的内核源码中通过读取 /proc/net/if_inet6 获取。
4.3 通过 SIOCGIFHWADDR 操作获取指定网络接口的 MAC 地址
/* get_interface_mac_address_ioctl.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>
static unsigned char *get_if_mac(const char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [network interface name]\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {'\0'};
strncpy(ifname, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ-1);
unsigned char *mac = get_if_mac(ifname);
printf("Interface %s : %.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x\n",
ifname, *mac, *(mac+1), *(mac+2), *(mac+3), *(mac+4), *(mac+5));
return 0;
}
static unsigned char *get_if_mac(const char *dev)
{
int sfd, ret, saved_errno, i;
unsigned char *mac_addr;
struct ifreq ifr;
mac_addr = (unsigned char *)malloc(ETH_ALEN);
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);
saved_errno = errno;
ret = ioctl(sfd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr);
if (ret == -1 && errno == 19) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : No such device.\n", dev);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
errno = saved_errno;
if (ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family == ARPHRD_LOOPBACK) {
printf("Interface %s : A Loopback device.\n", dev);
printf("MAC address is always 00:00:00:00:00:00\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
if (ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family != ARPHRD_ETHER) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : Not an Ethernet device.\n", dev);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memcpy(mac_addr, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, ETH_ALEN);
return (unsigned char *)mac_addr;
}
编译并运行:
# gcc get_interface_mac_address_ioctl.c -g -o get_interface_mac_address_ioctl
#
# ./get_interface_mac_address_ioctl lo
Interface lo : A Loopback device.
MAC address is always 00:00:00:00:00:00
#
# ./get_interface_mac_address_ioctl eth0
Interface eth0 : 00:0c:29:ed:9d:28
#
# ./get_interface_mac_address_ioctl eth1
Interface eth1 : 00:0c:29:ed:9d:32
#
# ./get_interface_mac_address_ioctl eth2
Interface eth2 : No such device.
SIOCGIFHWADDR 操作使用 struct ifreq 中的 ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr 字段,在 ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name 中填充指定的网络接口名称后,该接口的 mac 地址按顺序返回到 ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr.sa_data 数组的前6个字节中。
4.4 通过 SIOCGIFFLAGS 操作获取指定网络接口的标志
/* get_interface_flags_ioctl.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>
static short get_if_flags(int, char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [network interface name]\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int sfd;
short flags;
char ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {'\0'};
strncpy(ifname, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ-1);
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
flags = get_if_flags(sfd, ifname);
printf("Interface %s : ", ifname);
if (flags & IFF_UP)
printf("UP ");
if (flags & IFF_RUNNING)
printf("RUNNING ");
if (flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)
printf("LOOPBACK ");
if (flags & IFF_BROADCAST)
printf("BROADCAST ");
if (flags & IFF_MULTICAST)
printf("MULTICAST ");
if (flags & IFF_PROMISC)
printf("PROMISC");
#ifndef IFF_LOWER_UP
#define IFF_LOWER_UP 0x10000
if (flags & IFF_LOWER_UP)
printf("LOWER_UP");
#endif
printf("\n");
close(sfd);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
static short get_if_flags(int s, char *dev)
{
int saved_errno, ret;
short if_flags;
struct ifreq ifr;
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);
saved_errno = errno;
ret = ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr);
if (ret == -1 && errno == 19) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : No such device.\n", dev);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
errno = saved_errno;
if_flags = ifr.ifr_flags;
return if_flags;
}
编译并运行:
# gcc get_interface_flags_ioctl.c -g -o get_interface_flags_ioctl
#
# ./get_interface_flags_ioctl lo
Interface lo : UP RUNNING LOOPBACK
#
# ./get_interface_flags_ioctl eth0
Interface eth0 : UP RUNNING BROADCAST MULTICAST
#
# ./get_interface_flags_ioctl eth1
Interface eth1 : UP BROADCAST MULTICAST
#
# ./get_interface_flags_ioctl eth2
Interface eth2 : No such device.
ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name 指定为网络接口名称后,ioctl(SIOCGIFFLAGS) 调用将标志返回到 ifr_ifru.ifru_flags 字段
- IFF_RUNNING 表示该接口已被激活,且可以正常传输数据;
- IFF_UP 表示 giant 接口已被激活,但可能无法正常传输数据,如网线未连接的情况;
- IFF_LOWER_UP 表示网络的物理连接已就绪,即网线连接正常;由于 struct ifreq 的 ifr_ifru.ifru_flags 类型为 short,用16进制表示仅为4位,因而无法获取与设置5位16进制的 IFF_LOWER_UP 标志(0x10000)。
4.5 通过 SIOCSIFADDR 操作设置指定网络接口的 IPv4 地址
/* set_interface_ip_address_ioctl.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
static void set_ipaddr(const char *, const char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [network interface name] [ip address]\n",
argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {'\0'};
strncpy(ifname, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ-1);
char ipaddr[INET_ADDRSTRLEN] = {'\0'};
strncpy(ipaddr, argv[2], INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
set_ipaddr(ifname, ipaddr);
printf("Interface %s : ip address is set to %s\n", ifname, ipaddr);
return 0;
}
static void set_ipaddr(const char *dev, const char *ip)
{
int sfd, saved_errno, ret;
struct ifreq ifr;
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);
memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &(sin.sin_addr));
memcpy(&ifr.ifr_addr, &sin, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
errno = saved_errno;
ret = ioctl(sfd, SIOCSIFADDR, &ifr);
if (ret == -1) {
if (errno == 19) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : No such device.\n", dev);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (errno == 99) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : No IPv4 address assigned.\n", dev);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
saved_errno = errno;
close(sfd);
}
编译并运行:
# gcc set_interface_ip_address_ioctl.c -g -o set_interface_ip_address_ioctl
#
# ./set_interface_ip_address_ioctl eth1 10.0.0.1
Interface eth1 : ip address is set to 10.0.0.1
#
# ./get_interface_ip_address_ioctl eth1
Interface eth1 : 10.0.0.1
#
# ./set_interface_ip_address_ioctl eth1 10.0.0.2
Interface eth1 : ip address is set to 10.0.0.2
#
# ./get_interface_ip_address_ioctl eth1
Interface eth1 : 10.0.0.2
与 ifconfig(8) 相同,多次指定同一网络接口名称设置 IP 地址时,最后的设置将覆盖先前的设置而生效。
4.6 通过 SIOCGIFFLAGS 操作设置指定网络接口的标志
使用 ifconfig(8) 将 eth1 设置为混杂模式,并关闭该接口,然后在程序中关闭混杂模式,并开启该接口:
# ifconfig eth1 promisc
#
# ifconfig eth1 down
#
# ./get_interface_flags_ioctl eth1
Interface eth1 : BROADCAST MULTICAST PROMISC
/* set_interface_flags_ioctl.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
static short get_if_flags(int, struct ifreq*);
static void set_if_flags(int, struct ifreq*);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [network interface name]\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int sfd;
short flags;
struct ifreq ifr;
char ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {'\0'};
strncpy(ifname, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ-1);
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
flags = get_if_flags(sfd, &ifr);
ifr.ifr_flags = flags;
/* set IFF_UP if cleared */
if (!(flags & IFF_UP)) {
ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
set_if_flags(sfd, &ifr);
printf("Interface %s : UP set.\n", ifname);
}
flags = ifr.ifr_flags;
/* clear IFF_PROMISC if set */
if (flags & IFF_PROMISC) {
ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_PROMISC;
set_if_flags(sfd, &ifr);
printf("Interface %s : PROMISC cleared.\n", ifname);
}
close(sfd);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
static short get_if_flags(int s, struct ifreq *ifr)
{
int ret, saved_errno;
short if_flags;
saved_errno = errno;
ret = ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, ifr);
if (ret == -1 && errno == 19) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : No such device.\n", ifr->ifr_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
errno = saved_errno;
if_flags = ifr->ifr_flags;
return if_flags;
}
static void set_if_flags(int s, struct ifreq *ifr)
{
int ret, saved_errno;
saved_errno = errno;
ret = ioctl(s, SIOCSIFFLAGS, ifr);
if (ret == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : %s\n", ifr->ifr_name, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
errno = saved_errno;
}
4.7 通过 SIOCSIFNAME 操作更改网络接口的名称
/* change_ifname_ioctl.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
static void change_ifname(char *, char *);
static void shutdown_if_up(char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s [old ifname] [new ifname]\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char old_ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {'\0'};
strncpy(old_ifname, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ);
char new_ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {'\0'};
strncpy(new_ifname, argv[2], IFNAMSIZ);
change_ifname(old_ifname, new_ifname);
printf("Interface name %s has been changed to %s\n", old_ifname, new_ifname);
return 0;
}
void change_ifname(char *old_dev, char *new_dev)
{
int sfd, ret, saved_errno;
struct ifreq ifr;
shutdown_if_up(old_dev);
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, old_dev, IFNAMSIZ);
strncpy(ifr.ifr_newname, new_dev, IFNAMSIZ);
saved_errno = errno;
ret = ioctl(sfd, SIOCSIFNAME, &ifr);
if (ret == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : %s\n", dev, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
errno = saved_errno;
}
static void shutdown_if_up(char *dev)
{
int sfd, ret, saved_errno;
short flags;
struct ifreq ifr;
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);
saved_errno = errno;
ret = ioctl(sfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr);
if (ret == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : %s\n", dev, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
errno = saved_errno;
flags = ifr.ifr_flags;
if (flags & IFF_UP) {
ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;
saved_errno = errno;
ret = ioctl(sfd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr);
if (ret == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Interface %s : %s\n",dev, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
errno = saved_errno;
}
}
将 struct ifreq 的 ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name 指定为网络接口名称后,ioctl(SIOCSIFNAME) 将指定的新名称写入到 ifr_ifru.ifru_newname 中;该操作要求网络接口为关闭状态,即 (~IFF_UP)。
4.8 通过 SIOCSIFHWADDR 操作设置指定网络接口的 MAC 地址
static char Set_MacAddr(const char *pIfName, const unsigned char *pMacAddr)
{
int fd;
short flag;
struct ifreq ifr;
if (pIfName == NULL || pMacAddr == NULL)
{
printf("Input Param is Error!\n");
return 0;
}
fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, pIfName);
if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
{
printf("ioctl [SIOCGIFFLAGS] error!\n");
goto ERROR;
}
flag = ifr.ifr_flags;
/* 如果网卡是启动的,设置MAC地址需要先停止网卡 */
if (flag & IFF_UP)
{
ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;
if (ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
{
printf("ioctl [SIOCSIFFLAGS] error!\n");
goto ERROR;
}
}
/* 配置MAC地址 */
ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family = ARPHRD_ETHER;
memcpy(ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, pMacAddr, MAC_ADDR_LEN);
if (ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFHWADDR, &ifr) < 0)
{
printf("ioctl [SIOCSIFHWADDR] error!\n");
goto ERROR;
}
/* 恢复网卡的工作状态 */
if (flag & IFF_UP)
{
ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr);
ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
if (ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
{
printf("ioctl [SIOCSIFFLAGS] error!\n");
goto ERROR;
}
}
close(fd);
return 1;
ERROR:
if (errno == 19)
{
printf("Interface %s : No such device.\n", pIfName);
}
else if (errno == 99)
{
printf("Interface %s : No IPv4 address assigned.\n", pIfName);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}