C++ Primer Plus 代码学习解析（第五章 5.16-5.20）

5.16 textin1.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    char ch;
    int count = 0;      // use basic input
    cout << "Enter characters; enter # to quit:\n";
    cin >> ch;          // get a character
    while (ch != '#')   // test the character
    {
        cout << ch;     // echo the character
        ++count;        // count the character
        cin >> ch;      // get the next character
    }
    cout << endl << count << " characters read\n";
    // get rid of rest of line
         // while (cin.get() != '\n')
            // ;
    //cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 本函数展示了利用while循环来读取键盘输入
2. 程序读取键盘的输入，并将其显示出来，当读取到“#”字符时停止读取
3. 本程序存在的不足是在读取到空格符时无法显示和计数

5.17 textin2.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    char ch;
    int count = 0;

    cout << "Enter characters; enter # to quit:\n";
    cin.get(ch);        // use the cin.get(ch) function
    while (ch != '#')
    {
        cout << ch;
        ++count;
        cin.get(ch);    // use it again
    }
    cout << endl << count << " characters read\n";
    // get rid of rest of line
        // while (cin.get() != '\n')
        //    ;
        //cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该代码对上述代码进行了修改，采用了cin.get()函数捕获输入中的空格，并对其进行显示

5.18 textin3.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    char ch;
    int count = 0;
    cin.get(ch);        // attempt to read a char
    while (cin.fail() == false)  // test for EOF
    {
        cout << ch;     // echo character
        ++count;
        cin.get(ch);    // attempt to read another char
    }
    cout << endl << count << " characters read\n";
    return 0;
}

1. 改代码修改了循环结束的条件，原代码以“#”作为结束判定条件，这在有些时候并不适用

2. cin.fail()用来读取结束条件EOF（检测文件尾）

3. 一般PC编程系统将ctrl+z视作结束条件

5.19 textin4.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
    using namespace std;
    int ch;                         // should be int, not char
    int count = 0;

    while ((ch = cin.get()) != EOF) // test for end-of-file
    {
        cout.put(char(ch));
        ++count;
    }
    cout << endl << count << " characters read\n";
	return 0; 
}

1. 该代码又对上述代码做了改良，将循环结束条件又做了更改
2. 使该代码可以输入int类型的字符，并将cin.get()代替cin.get(char)，用cout.put（）代替cout
3. 用EOF代替cin.fail()测试，注意：EOF不表示输入中的字符，而是指没有字符

5.20 nested.cpp

#include <iostream>
const int Cities = 5;
const int Years = 4;
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    const char * cities[Cities] =   // array of pointers
    {                               // to 5 strings
        "Gribble City",
        "Gribbletown",
        "New Gribble",
        "San Gribble",
        "Gribble Vista"
    };

    int maxtemps[Years][Cities] =   // 2-D array
    {
        {96, 100, 87, 101, 105},   // values for maxtemps[0]
        {96, 98, 91, 107, 104},   // values for maxtemps[1]
        {97, 101, 93, 108, 107}, // values for maxtemps[2]
        {98, 103, 95, 109, 108}   // values for maxtemps[3]
    };

    cout << "Maximum temperatures for 2008 - 2011\n\n";
    for (int city = 0; city < Cities; ++city)
    {
        cout << cities[city] << ":\t";
        for (int year = 0; year < Years; ++year)
            cout << maxtemps[year][city] << "\t";
        cout << endl;
    }
	// cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该代码讲解了二维数组的使用方法
2. 首先声明一个char指针数组，使得该数组中的每一个元素都是一个char指针，可被初始化为一个字符串的地址
3. 之后则是使用了两个for循环嵌套，输出二维数组中的每一个元素