C++ Primer Plus 代码学习解析（第六章 6.1-6.3）

6.1 if.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using std::cin;     // using declarations
    using std::cout;
    char ch;
    int spaces = 0;
    int total = 0;
    cin.get(ch);
    while (ch != '.')   // quit at end of sentence
    {
        if (ch == ' ')  // check if ch is a space
            ++spaces;
        ++total;        // done every time
        cin.get(ch);
    }
    cout << spaces << " spaces, " << total;
    cout << " characters total in sentence\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该代码展示了while和if的联合应用
2. 需要注意的点是使用了cin.get()，字符总数中包括回车键生成的换行符

6.2 ifelse.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    char ch;

    std::cout << "Type, and I shall repeat.\n";
    std::cin.get(ch);
    while (ch != '.')
    {
        if (ch == '\n')
            std::cout << ch;     // done if newline
        else
            std::cout << ++ch;   // done otherwise
        std::cin.get(ch);
    }
    // try ch + 1 instead of ++ch for interesting effect
    std::cout << "\nPlease excuse the slight confusion.\n";
    // std::cin.get();
    // std::cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该代码则对输出成员做了处理，用了if-else进行条件判断
2. 输入成员如果不是空格，则加一位后输出，如果是回车，则输出回车

6.3 ifelseif.cpp

#include <iostream>
const int Fave = 27;
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    int n;

    cout << "Enter a number in the range 1-100 to find ";
    cout << "my favorite number: ";
    do
    {
        cin >> n;
        if (n < Fave)
            cout << "Too low -- guess again: ";
        else if (n > Fave)
            cout << "Too high -- guess again: ";
        else
            cout << Fave << " is right!\n";
    } while (n != Fave);
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 本代码展现了do-while和if-elseif-else的联合用法
2. 首先do-while为出口循环，当大于或小于给定值时，输出特定内容
3. 当等于给定值时，输出“is right”并退出循环