android开发浅谈之DecorView与ViewRootImpl

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 15:26:55 发布

hfreeman2008

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 15:26:55 发布

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分类专栏： android浅谈系统文章标签： android View DecorView ViewRootImpl

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hfreeman2008/article/details/111913489

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前言

对于Android开发者来说，View是开发中使用最多的。View重点包括事件分发机制，测量，布局，绘制等。这篇文章我们从Activity入手，看看从Activity创建后到View的正式工作之前的流程，此分析的代码以android 10.0为参考。

从setContentView说起

一般地，我们在Activity中，会在onCreate()方法中写下这样一句：

setContentView(R.layout.main);

显然，这是为activity设置一个我们定义好的main.xml布局，我们跟踪一下源码，Activity#setContentView:

public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
     getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);  //调用getWindow方法，返回mWindow
     initWindowDecorActionBar();
}

public Window getWindow() {   
     return mWindow;
}

private Window mWindow;

从上面看出，里面调用了mWindow的setContentView方法，那么这个“mWindow”是何方神圣呢？发现mWindow是Window类型的，但是它是一个抽象类，setContentView也是抽象方法，所以我们要找到Window类的实现类才行。
我们在Activity中查找一下mWindow在哪里被赋值了，可以发现它在Activity#attach方法中有如下实现：

final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
        Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
        Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
        CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
        NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
        Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
        Window window, ActivityConfigCallback activityConfigCallback, IBinder assistToken) {
    ......
    mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);

PhoneWindow是Window的实现类，那么我们在PhoneWindow类里面找到它的setContentView方法，看看它又实现了什么，PhoneWindow#setContentView:

public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
    // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
    // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
    // before this happens.
    if (mContentParent == null) {
        installDecor();//1.生成Decor
    } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
        mContentParent.removeAllViews();
    }

    if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
        final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                getContext());
        transitionTo(newScene);
    } else {
        mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);//2.导入布局文件
    }
    mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
    final Callback cb = getCallback();
    if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
        cb.onContentChanged();
    }
    mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}

首先判断了mContentParent是否为null，如果为空则执行installDecor()方法，那么这个mContentParent又是什么呢？我们看一下它的注释：

// This is the view in which the window contents are placed. It is either
// mDecor itself, or a child of mDecor where the contents go.
ViewGroup mContentParent;

它是一个ViewGroup类型，结合②号代码处，可以得知，这个mContentParent是我们设置的布局(即main.xml)的父布局。

创建DecorView

接着上面提到的installDecor()方法，我们看看它的源码，PhoneWindow#installDecor:

private void installDecor() {
    mForceDecorInstall = false;
    if (mDecor == null) {
        mDecor = generateDecor(-1);//1.创建Decor
        mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
        mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
        if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
            mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
        }
    } else {
        mDecor.setWindow(this);
    }
    if (mContentParent == null) {
        mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);//2.创建mContentParent

首先，会执行1号代码，调用PhoneWindow#generateDecor方法：

protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) {
    // System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use
    // the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the
    // activity.
    Context context;
    if (mUseDecorContext) {
        Context applicationContext = getContext().getApplicationContext();
        if (applicationContext == null) {
            context = getContext();
        } else {
            context = new DecorContext(applicationContext, getContext());
            if (mTheme != -1) {
                context.setTheme(mTheme);
            }
        }
    } else {
        context = getContext();
    }
    return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());
}

可以看出，这里实例化了DecorView，DecorView继承于FrameLayout，由此可知它也是一个ViewGroup。

public class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker, WindowCallbacks {

那么，DecroView到底充当了什么样的角色呢？
其实，DecorView是整个ViewTree的最顶层View，它是一个FrameLayout布局，代表了整个应用的界面。在该布局下面，有标题view和内容view这两个子元素，而内容view则是上面提到的mContentParent。

我们接着看2号代码，PhoneWindow#generateLayout方法

protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
    // Apply data from current theme.
    TypedArray a = getWindowStyle();
	......
    // Inflate the window decor.
    int layoutResource;
    int features = getLocalFeatures();
    // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
    if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
        layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss;
        setCloseOnSwipeEnabled(true);
    } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {
        if (mIsFloating) {
            TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
            getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
                    R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true);
            layoutResource = res.resourceId;//加载layoutResource
        } else {
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons;
        }
        // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
        removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
        // System.out.println("Title Icons!");
    } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0
            && (features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) == 0) {
        // Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title).
        // XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows.
        layoutResource = R.layout.screen_progress;
        // System.out.println("Progress!");
    } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) {
        // Special case for a window with a custom title.
        // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
        if (mIsFloating) {
            TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
            getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
                    R.attr.dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
            layoutResource = res.resourceId;//加载layoutResource
        } else {
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_custom_title;
        }
        // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
        removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
    } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) {
        // If no other features and not embedded, only need a title.
        // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
        if (mIsFloating) {
            TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
            getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
                    R.attr.dialogTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
            layoutResource = res.resourceId;//加载layoutResource
        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) != 0) {
            layoutResource = a.getResourceId(
                    R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarFullscreenDecorLayout,
                    R.layout.screen_action_bar);
        } else {
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title;
        }
        // System.out.println("Title!");
    } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY)) != 0) {
        layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple_overlay_action_mode;
    } else {
        // Embedded, so no decoration is needed.
        layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple;
        // System.out.println("Simple!");
    }

用一幅图来表示DecorView的结构如下：
在这里插入图片描述
在视图层次中，Activity在WIndow之上，如下图:

小结：DecorView是顶级View，内部有titlebar和contentParent两个子元素，contentParent的id是content，而我们设置的main.xml布局则是contentParent里面的一个子元素。

启动activity显示decor和contentview的时序图

在这里插入图片描述

将DecorView添加至Window

每一个Activity组件都有一个关联的Window对象，用来描述一个应用程序窗口。每一个应用程序窗口内部又包含有一个View对象，用来描述应用程序窗口的视图。

上文分析了创建DecorView的过程，现在则要把DecorView添加到Window对象中。而要了解这个过程，我们首先要简单先了解一下Activity的创建过程：

首先，在ActivityThread#handleLaunchActivity中启动Activity，在这里面会调用到Activity#onCreate方法，从而完成上面所述的DecorView创建动作，当onCreate()方法执行完毕，在handleLaunchActivity方法会继续调用到ActivityThread#handleResumeActivity方法，我们看看这个方法的源码：

@Override
public void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest, boolean isForward,
        String reason) {
    // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
    // we are back active so skip it.
    unscheduleGcIdler();
    mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;

......

    final Activity a = r.activity;

    if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
        r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
        View decor = r.window.getDecorView();//decor对象
        decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();//ViewManager对象
        WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
        a.mDecor = decor;
        l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
        l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
        if (r.mPreserveWindow) {
            a.mWindowAdded = true;
            r.mPreserveWindow = false;
            // Normally the ViewRoot sets up callbacks with the Activity
            // in addView->ViewRootImpl#setView. If we are instead reusing
            // the decor view we have to notify the view root that the
            // callbacks may have changed.
            ViewRootImpl impl = decor.getViewRootImpl();
            if (impl != null) {
                impl.notifyChildRebuilt();
            }
        }
        if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
            if (!a.mWindowAdded) {
                a.mWindowAdded = true;
                wm.addView(decor, l);// 调用addView方法

Dialog的Window创建过程

在Activity中添加Dialog：

Dialog dialog =  new Dialog(context);
Button button = new Button(context);
button.setText("button");
ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(200, 300);
dialog.addContentView(button,lp);
dialog.show();

Dialog的构造函数:

Dialog(@NonNull Context context, @StyleRes int themeResId, boolean createContextThemeWrapper) {
    if (createContextThemeWrapper) {
        if (themeResId == Resources.ID_NULL) {
            final TypedValue outValue = new TypedValue();
            context.getTheme().resolveAttribute(R.attr.dialogTheme, outValue, true);
            themeResId = outValue.resourceId;
        }
        mContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
    } else {
        mContext = context;
    }

    mWindowManager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);

    final Window w = new PhoneWindow(mContext);//w对象
    mWindow = w;
    w.setCallback(this);
    w.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
    w.setOnWindowSwipeDismissedCallback(() -> {
        if (mCancelable) {
            cancel();
        }
    });
    w.setWindowManager(mWindowManager, null, null);
    w.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);

    mListenersHandler = new ListenersHandler(this);
}

setContentView方法

/**
 * Set the screen content from a layout resource.  The resource will be
 * inflated, adding all top-level views to the screen.
 * 
 * @param layoutResID Resource ID to be inflated.
 */
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
    mWindow.setContentView(layoutResID);
}

/**
 * Set the screen content to an explicit view.  This view is placed
 * directly into the screen's view hierarchy.  It can itself be a complex
 * view hierarchy.
 * 
 * @param view The desired content to display.
 */
public void setContentView(@NonNull View view) {
    mWindow.setContentView(view);
}

show方法：

public void show() {
	......
    onStart();
    mDecor = mWindow.getDecorView();

    if (mActionBar == null && mWindow.hasFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) {
        final ApplicationInfo info = mContext.getApplicationInfo();
        mWindow.setDefaultIcon(info.icon);
        mWindow.setDefaultLogo(info.logo);
        mActionBar = new WindowDecorActionBar(this);
    }

    WindowManager.LayoutParams l = mWindow.getAttributes();
    boolean restoreSoftInputMode = false;
    if ((l.softInputMode
            & WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION) == 0) {
        l.softInputMode |=
                WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION;
        restoreSoftInputMode = true;
    }

    mWindowManager.addView(mDecor, l);
    if (restoreSoftInputMode) {
        l.softInputMode &=
                ~WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION;
    }
    mShowing = true;
    sendShowMessage();
}

dismissDialog方法：

void dismissDialog() {
	 ......
    try {
        mWindowManager.removeViewImmediate(mDecor);
    } finally {
        if (mActionMode != null) {
            mActionMode.finish();
        }
        mDecor = null;
        mWindow.closeAllPanels();
        onStop();
        mShowing = false;

        sendDismissMessage();
    }
}

参考资料

(1)Android 理解Window和WindowManager
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34760508/article/details/103086195
(2)Android App启动过程
https://juejin.cn/post/6844903933802987528
(3)Android View源码解读：浅谈DecorView与ViewRootImpl
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51477040
(4)Android View 测量流程(Measure)完全解析
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51494058
(5)Android View 绘制流程(Draw) 完全解析
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51570854
(6)Android View 布局流程(Layout)完全解析
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51524527