Servletcontext 对象、通过servletContext对象读取网站配置文件、Request实现请求转发

Servletcontext 对象

ServletContext是一个全局的储存信息的空间，服务器开始就存在，服务器关闭才释放。

我们可以把ServletContext当成一个公用的空间，可以被所有的客户访问，如上图，A、B、C三个客户端都可以访问。

WEB容器在启动时，它会为每个Web应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext，它代表当前Web应用，并且它被所有客户端共享。

由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象，因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。公共聊天室就会用到它。

当web应用关闭、Tomcat关闭或者Web应用reload的时候，ServletContext对象会被销毁。

ServletContext对象如何得到

this.getServletContext(); 
this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();

添加属性：setAttribute(String name, Object obj);

得到值：getAttribute(String name)，这个方法返回Object

删除属性：removeAttribute(String name)

通过servletContext对象读取网站配置文件

1.新建一个properties文件

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
username=root
password=123456
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/smbms

2.编写servlet类

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

//读取properties配置文件
public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //读取配置文件

        //1.获得配置文件的路径
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/resources/database.properties");
        System.out.println("取得的路径为："+realPath);

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);

        properties.load(is);//把文件流加载到配置文件的对象中；

        String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");


        //响应到网页
        resp.getWriter().println(driver);
        resp.getWriter().println(username);
        resp.getWriter().println(password);
        resp.getWriter().println(url);

        //=======================================
        System.out.println(driver);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(url);



    }
}

3.配置web.xml

<servlet>    <servlet-name>Demo03</servlet-name>    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class></servlet>​<servlet-mapping>    <servlet-name>Demo03</servlet-name>    <url-pattern>/q3</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

4.在浏览器中输入localhost：8080/demo02/q3进行查看。

简单验证码

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

//验证码
public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //resp.getWriter().println(newRandom());

        //自动刷新网页
        resp.setHeader("refresh","2");
        //验证码是一个图片 ， 我们需要制作一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(100,30,BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);

        //图片写入一些东西
        Graphics2D graphics = image.createGraphics();
        graphics.setColor(Color.red);
        String num = String.valueOf(newRandom());
        graphics.drawString(num,10,10);

        //想办法让浏览器知道我们给的是一张图片
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");

        //让网站去打开图片
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());

    }


    //生成随机数
    public int newRandom(){
        int num = (int)(Math.random()*9+1)*100000;
        return num;
    }

    /*
    @Test
    public void  test(){
        ServletDemo04 servletDemo04 = new ServletDemo04();

        for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
            int i = servletDemo04.newRandom();
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
    */



}

Request对象的方法使用

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;


public class RequestDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //查看request对象的方式
        System.out.println(request.getContextPath()); //获得web项目路径
        System.out.println(request.getRequestURI()); //请求的URL路径
        //Remote 远程
        System.out.println(request.getRemoteUser()); //获得远程的用户名
        System.out.println(request.getRequestedSessionId()); //获得SessionId；
        System.out.println(request.getServletPath()); //请求servlet的url
        System.out.println(request.getLocalAddr()); //获得本地地址  防火墙
        System.out.println(request.getLocalName()); //获得本地名字
        System.out.println(request.getLocalPort()); //获得访问的端口号

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request,response);
    }
}

Request实现请求转发

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FormServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //处理前端的请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println("接收到的用户名："+username+"\n密码："+password+"\n爱好:");

        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");

        for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }


        //重定向：服务器告诉客户端你应该请求另外一个地址；  （地址栏会变）
        //resp.sendRedirect("url");

        //转发：服务器把这个请求转向另外一个Servlet去处理； （地址栏不会变）
        //RequestDispatcher ,需要使用RequestDispatcher来进行处理，我们需要获得这个类
        //参数就是他要转发到的页面

        /*
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp");
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
        */

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);


    }
}