2021-09-11

笨办法学python习题13 参数、解包、变量

题目

from sys import argv
#argv 是所谓的“参数变量（argument variable)”
script,first,second,third = argv   #将 argv 解包（unpack）
print("the script is called:" , script)  #接受文件名
print("your first variable is:" ,first)
print("your second variable is:" ,second)
print("your third variable is:" ,third)

首次运行 没有输入参数，直接运行ex13.py，报错

ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 4)
PS E:\4.学习案例\习题集\shixi> python ex13.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "ex13.py", line 4, in <module>
    script,first,second,third = argv   #将 argv 解包（unpack）
ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 4, got 1)

发现报错内容是没有足够的值去解包（需要4个，只有一个参数），当时不知道script是输出文件名，后面按照教程，添加了三个参数，成功输出

PS E:\4.学习案例\习题集\shixi> python ex13.py first 2nd 3rd
the script is called: ex13.py
your first variable is: first
your second variable is: 2nd
your third variable is: 3rd

想知道文件名算不算一个变量，就注释掉输出script一行，代码如下：

from sys import argv
#argv 是所谓的“参数变量（argument variable)”
script,first,second,third = argv   #将 argv 解包（unpack）
#print("the script is called:" , script)  #接受文件名
print("your first variable is:" ,first)
print("your second variable is:" ,second)
print("your third variable is:" ,third)

执行结果（只是没有执行输出script，实际上还是将文件名放在第一个参数上）：

PS E:\4.学习案例\习题集\shixi>  python ex13.py first 2nd 3rd
your first variable is: first
your second variable is: 2nd
your third variable is: 3rd

解包时删除script，执行代码：

from sys import argv
#argv 是所谓的“参数变量（argument variable)”
first,second,third = argv   #将 argv 解包（unpack）
#print("the script is called:" , script)  #接受文件名
print("your first variable is:" ,first)
print("your second variable is:" ,second)
print("your third variable is:" ,third)

执行结果

PS E:\4.学习案例\习题集\shixi>  python ex13.py first 2nd
your first variable is: ex13.py
your second variable is: first
your third variable is: 2nd

测试发现，解包第一个参数就是文件名，与script无关，哈哈哈。

加分习题

将input 与argv一起使用，让你的脚本从用户手上得到更多使用。
刚开始是以为要将参数用input的方式输入，两者结合使用，但是尝试了好几次都失败了，后面看到有其他博主提到两者都是输入，argv是在脚本运行之前输入参数，input是在脚本运行过程中输入，并且输入的是可以是数值、字符串等
第一次尝试：

#习题13 参数、解包、变量
first = input("please input the first variable:")
second = input("please input the second variable:")
third = input("please input the third variable:")
from sys import argv
#argv 是所谓的“参数变量（argument variable)”
script,first,second,third = argv   #将 argv 解包（unpack）
#print("the script is called:" , script)  #接受文件名
print("your first variable is:" ,first)
print("your second variable is:" ,second)
print("your third variable is:" ,third)

执行结果：（跟我开始想法不一样，尴尬了）

PS E:\4.学习案例\习题集\shixi> python ex13.py first second third
please input the first variable:a
please input the second variable:c
please input the third variable:d
your first variable is: first
your second variable is: second
your third variable is: third