默认安装好cuda9.0+cudnn7.1.3，下面介绍用anaconda3（Python3.6.4）安装caffe。
0、安装依赖的包
sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev
sudo apt-get install git cmake build-essential
1、OpenCV3.4.1
a) 下载opencv3.4
（最好安装3.4.0）
进入官网 :http://opencv.org/releases.html , 选择 3.4.1 版本的 sources , 下载 opencv-3.1.0.zip，在用户主目录(/home/lxh)下解压。
b) 编译
进入opencv解压后的目录下
$: cd opencv-3.4.1/
$: mkdir build # 创建编译的文件目录
$: cd build
$: cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
$: sudo make -j8 #编译
c) 安装
$: sudo make install
（中间会下载--IPPICV: Download: ippicv_2017u3_lnx_intel64_general_20170822.tgz)
pkg-config --modversion opencv 查看版本信息
2、caffe
2.1 下载caffe源码
进入主目录,git下载源码；或者直接下载caffe-master.zip, 解压重命名为caffe。
$: cd ~
$: git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git2.2 配置Makefile.config
sudo cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config
(1) 应用 cudnn,将 #USE_CUDNN := 1
修改成：
USE_CUDNN := 1
(2) 应用opencv版本,将#OPENCV_VERSION := 3
修改为：
OPENCV_VERSION := 3
(3) 使用python接口,将
#WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
修改为:
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
(4) 修改python路径
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
修改为：
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial
(5) cuda_arch:去掉前两行 20 和 21信息，cuda9.0不支持。
(6) 修改anaconda 信息
去掉ANACONDA——HOME 注释#，改为实际路径
ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda3
(7) 注释去掉：# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7
将其改为：
PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.6m \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include \
/usr/include/python2.7
(8) 修改 PYTHON_LIB, 将其的注释掉，改为anaconda的lib
# PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
(9) 修改PYTHON_LIBRARIES
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.6m
(注意：同时，建立软链接，在另一个终端输入
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py35.so.1.58.0 /usr/local/lib/libboost_python3.so
（libboost_python-py35.so**依实际名称为准df）
否则会出现问题：
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_python3
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:572: recipe for target '.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0' failed
make: *** [.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0] Error 1
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/lien0906/article/details/51784191
)
(10) 在末尾添加：
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
(11) 退出保存，具体Makefile.config配置如下
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!
# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
USE_CUDNN := 1
# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
# CPU_ONLY := 1
# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
# You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
# possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1
# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 3
# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++
# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr
# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA >= 9.0, comment the *_20 and *_21 lines for compatibility.
CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
-gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
-gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61
# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := atlas
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas
# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib
# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app
# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda3
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include \
/usr/include/python2.7
# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.6m
PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.6m \
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include \
/usr/include/python2.7
# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
# PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib
# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial
# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib
# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1
# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1
# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute
# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1
# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0
# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3 配置Makefile
$: sudo gedit Makefile
(1)将：
NVCCFLAGS +=-ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler-fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
替换为：
NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
(2)将：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_hl hdf5
改为：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_serial_hl hdf5_serial
2.4 编译运行
(1) make clean && make all -j64
(注：-j64为线程并行参数，根据自己电脑实际内核数调整，出现问题见2.6.1)
(2) make runtest -j64
显示 passed，为通过测试。
（出现问题见2.6.2，其中(1)和（4）基本会出现）
(3) 生成python接口
make pycaffe
(4) 测试：
$ python
>>> import caffe
>>> dir(caffe)
打印信息。
（若使用CPU，则只需将Makefile.config中 :1、USE_CUDNN := 1注释掉；2：取消掉注释CPU_ONLY := 1）
问题：出现类似信息：No module named caffe*，
a) 需要再~/.bashrc中添加pythonpath
export PYTHONPATH=/home/ai/caffe/python:$PATHONPATH
source ~/.bashrc
import caffe
b) 若还不行的话，
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/ai/caffe/python")
sys.path.append("/home/ai/caffe/python/caffe")
import caffe
如果可以的话，说明系统可能找不到caffe的python接口，将caffe的python接口加入~/.bashrc
export PATH="/home/ai/caffe/python:$PATH"
以后只要，python --- import caffe 就可以。
最后，~/.bashrc 后面添加的完整路径信息
caffeMake配置链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1f5I3yd1ItopbDr9FJiWvMw 密码：60an
(参考：https://blog.csdn.net/striker_v/article/details/51596628)
（参考：https://blog.csdn.net/Dark_Miro/article/details/78355292?locationNum=9&fps=1）
2.5 LENET测试
（1）下载mnist数据
cd ~/caffe
sh data/mnist/get_mnist.sh
sh examples/mnist/create_mnist.sh
（2）GPU与CPU选择
运行时，如果有GPU，则不需要修改配置文件；
CPU则需要修改配置文件lenet_solver.prototxt
vi examples/mnist/lenet_solver.prototxt，将最后一行的solver_mode:GPU改为solver_mode:CPU。
（3）运行： sh examples/mnist/train_lenet.sh
2.6 遇到的错误信息
2.6.1 make all -j64 阶段
（1）/usr/include/boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp:50:23: fatal error: pyconfig.h: No such file or directory
解决：
make clean
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/python2.7
make all -j8
（2）/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_python3
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:572: recipe for target '.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0' failed
make: *** [.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0] Error 1
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
解决：ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py35.so.1.58.0 /usr/local/lib/libboost_python3.so
（3）~/anaconda3/lib/libpng16.so.16: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
answer:
add to Makefile.config at last line
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(HOME)/anaconda3/lib
（4）libcaffe.so: undefined reference to `cv::imread(cv::String const&, int)'
answer:
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/1276
Makefile:
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf leveldb snappy \
lmdb boost_system hdf5_hl hdf5 m \
opencv_core opencv_highgui opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodec
2.6.2 make runtest -j64阶段
(1) HDF5 header 与version 不匹配问题：
conda remove hdf5，再 make runtest -j64；
若还不行，卸载 pip uninstall h5py, 重新安装 pip intall h5py,再make runtest -j64。
（2）.build_release/tools/caffe
.build_release/tools/caffe: error while loading shared libraries: libcudart.so.9.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Makefile:532: recipe for target 'runtest' failed
make: *** [runtest] Error 127
解决：试试不要用sudo make runtest
或者（有效）
answer:
（参考：https://blog.csdn.net/tangwenbo124/article/details/56847897）
sudo cp /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64/libcudart.so.9.0 /usr/local/lib/libcudart.so.9.0 && sudo ldconfig
sudo cp /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64/libcublas.so.9.0 /usr/local/lib/libcublas.so.9.0 && sudo ldconfig
sudo cp /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64/libcurand.so.9.0 /usr/local/lib/libcurand.so.9.0 && sudo ldconfig
（3）.build_release/tools/caffe: error while loading shared libraries: libcudnn.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Makefile:532: recipe for target 'runtest' failed
解决：不要用sudo
或者（不建议，应该是权限问题）：https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/716710727370554125.html
修改文件权限并创建新软连接
sudo chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx libcudnn.so.7.1.35
sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.7.1.3 libcudnn.so.7
sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.7 libcudnn.so
(4) error while loading shared libraries: libopencv_core.so.3.2: cannot open share
cd ~
sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf
在末尾添加：/usr/local/lib
sudo ldconfig
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36362060/article/details/78501231?locationNum=6&fps=1
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