Go language study essay 2019-10-29

Go language study essay 2019-10-29

1. Variable

Method 1

Define a variable just like this:

var identifier type

For example:

var a int=1

You can also define multiple variables in a row,just like this:

var identifier1,identifier2 type

For example:

var a,b,c int = 1,2,3

Notice

If you don’t initial the variable,the variable’s value will be default.
Default value:

• number->0
• bool->false
• string->""
• the following type is nil:
  • *int
  • []int
  • map[string] int
  • chan int
  • func(string) int
  • error

Method 2

You can also define a variable without type,for example:

var a = 1

The system will automatically determine the type of variable.

Method 3

You can omit the keyword:var
For example:

a :=1

Global variable

var (
    a int
    b string
    c bool
)

2.Constant

Constant is an identifier that will not be modified while the programe is running.
THe data type of constant only can be bool,int,float,plural and string.
Define a constant just like this:

const identifier [type] = value

For example:

const a int = 1

You can also define multiple constant in a row,for example:

const a,b,c = 1,2,3 

iota

iota is a special constant which can be modified by compiler,you can think of it as the constant’s index.

const (
    a = iota    //a=0
    b = iota    //b=1
    c = iota    //c=2
)

You can abbreviate it as

const (
    a = iota    //a=0
    b           //b=1
    c           //c=2
)

3.Operator

Define variable a and b:

a,b :=2,1

• Arithmetic operator

operator	description	example
+	add	a+b=3
-	subtract	a-b=1
*	multiply	a*b=2
/	divide	a/b=2
%	remainder	a%b=0
++	increase	a++ is 3
–	self decrement	a-- is 1

• Relational operator

operator	description	example
==	check if the left and right variable is equal	a=b is false
!=	check if the left and right variable is not equal	a!=b is true
>	check if the left great than the right	a>b is true
<	check if the left less than the right	a<b is false
>=	check if the left greater or equal to the right	a>=b is true
<=	check if the left less or equal to the right	a<=b is false

• Logical Operators

operator	description	example
&&	logical and	true&&false is false
||	logical or	true||false is true
!	logical non	!true is false

• Bit operator

p	q	p & q	p | q	p ^ q
0	0	0	0	0
0	1	0	1	1
1	1	1	1	0
1	0	0	1	1

a<<n is a*2^n
a>>n is a/2^n

For example:
60<<2 = 60*2^2=240
60>>2 = 60/2^2=15

• Assignment operator

operator	description	example
=	assignment	c=1
+=	add and assignment	c+=1 is c=c+1
-=	subtract and assignment	c-=1 is c=c-1
*=	multiply and assignment	c*=1 is c=c*1
/=	divide and assignment	c/=1 is c=c/1
%=	remainder and assignment	c%=1 is c=c%1
<<=	shift left and assignment	c<<=1 is c=c<<1
>>=	shift right and assignment	c>>=1 is c=c>>1
&=	bitwise and and assignment	c&=1 is c=c&1
^=	bitwise XOR and assignmentn	c^=1 is c=c^1
|=	bitwise or and assignment	c|=1 is c=c|1

• Other operator

operator	description	example
&	return variable address	&a
*	Pointer	*a

• Priority of operator

priority	operator
5	* / % << >> & &^
4	+ - | ^
3	== != < <= > >=
2	&&
1	||