libGDX screen game 多界面游戏

Screen接口

screens对大多数的游戏都是必要的。screens包括了你使用过的ApplicationListener中的一些方法，还包括了一对新的方法：show和hide,前者在Screen获得焦点的时候被调用，后者在Screen失去焦点的时候被调用。

Game类

Game是一个抽象类,它实现了ApplicationListener接口，还有一些帮助设置和处理屏幕渲染的方法。

Screen和Game这两个对象经常被一起使用来构建一个游戏的完整结构。

下面先来看看一个Game类的代码：

package com.badlogic.drop;

import com.badlogic.gdx.Game;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch;


public class Drop extends Game {

    public SpriteBatch batch;
    public BitmapFont font;

    public void create() {
        batch = new SpriteBatch();
        //Use LibGDX's default Arial font.
        font = new BitmapFont();
        this.setScreen(new MainMenuScreen(this));
    }

    public void render() {
        super.render(); //important!
    }

    public void dispose() {
        batch.dispose();
        font.dispose();
    }

}

我们在程序开始的时候实例化了一个SpriteBatch和一个BitmapFont。创建多个可以被重用的对象是不好的。SpriteBatch对象是用来在屏幕上进行绘制的；BitmapFont使用的时候需要一个SpriteBatch来向屏幕上绘制文字。

下一步，我们设置了Game的当前Screen为MainMenuScreen对象。

一个经常犯的错误就是忘记调用super.render()。如果没有调用这个方法，你设置的这个screen就不会被渲染。

主菜单 Menu Screen

下面，让我们来看看MainMenuScreen类的细节：

package com.badlogic.drop;

import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx;
import com.badlogic.gdx.Screen;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.GL20;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.OrthographicCamera;

public class MainMenuScreen implements Screen {

    final Drop game;

    OrthographicCamera camera;

    public MainMenuScreen(final Drop gam) {
        game = gam;

        camera = new OrthographicCamera();
        camera.setToOrtho(false, 800, 480);

    }


        //...Rest of class omitted for succinctness.

}

在上面的代码片段中，我们创建了这个类的构造器,这个类实现了Screen接口。Screen接口并没有提供create()函数，所以我们用一个构造函数来代替。这个构造器的唯一的参数是一个当前游戏的实例（即Drop），所以我们可以访问它的方法和变量。

下一步，MainMenuScreen类中的render(float)方法：

public class MainMenuScreen implements Screen {

        //public MainMenuScreen(final Drop gam)....        

    @Override
    public void render(float delta) {
        Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0.2f, 1);
        Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        camera.update();
        game.batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined);

        game.batch.begin();
        game.font.draw(game.batch, "Welcome to Drop!!! ", 100, 150);
        game.font.draw(game.batch, "Tap anywhere to begin!", 100, 100);
        game.batch.end();

        if (Gdx.input.isTouched()) {
            game.setScreen(new GameScreen(game));
            dispose();
        }
    }

        //Rest of class still omitted...

}

这里的代码是相当健壮的，除了我们需要调用game的SpriteBatch和BitmapFont实例，而不是创建我们自己的。game.font.draw(SpriteBatch,String,float,float)，这个指定了如何在屏幕上进行文字的绘制。

然后，我们检测了屏幕是否被触摸，如果是，那么我们使用setScreen方法把Game的Screen设置成GameScreen，然后释放了当前screen的资源。

游戏界面 Game Screen

这里面的代码几乎和上篇博客中的Drop中的代码一致：

package com.badlogic.drop;

import java.util.Iterator;

import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx;
import com.badlogic.gdx.Input.Keys;
import com.badlogic.gdx.Screen;
import com.badlogic.gdx.audio.Music;
import com.badlogic.gdx.audio.Sound;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.GL20;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.OrthographicCamera;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture;
import com.badlogic.gdx.math.MathUtils;
import com.badlogic.gdx.math.Rectangle;
import com.badlogic.gdx.math.Vector3;
import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.Array;
import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.TimeUtils;

public class GameScreen implements Screen {
    final Drop game;

    Texture dropImage;
    Texture bucketImage;
    Sound dropSound;
    Music rainMusic;
    OrthographicCamera camera;
    Rectangle bucket;
    Array<Rectangle> raindrops;
    long lastDropTime;
    int dropsGathered;

    public GameScreen(final Drop gam) {
        this.game = gam;

        // load the images for the droplet and the bucket, 64x64 pixels each
        dropImage = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("droplet.png"));
        bucketImage = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("bucket.png"));

        // load the drop sound effect and the rain background "music"
        dropSound = Gdx.audio.newSound(Gdx.files.internal("drop.wav"));
        rainMusic = Gdx.audio.newMusic(Gdx.files.internal("rain.mp3"));
        rainMusic.setLooping(true);

        // create the camera and the SpriteBatch
        camera = new OrthographicCamera();
        camera.setToOrtho(false, 800, 480);

        // create a Rectangle to logically represent the bucket
        bucket = new Rectangle();
        bucket.x = 800 / 2 - 64 / 2; // center the bucket horizontally
        bucket.y = 20; // bottom left corner of the bucket is 20 pixels above
                        // the bottom screen edge
        bucket.width = 64;
        bucket.height = 64;

        // create the raindrops array and spawn the first raindrop
        raindrops = new Array<Rectangle>();
        spawnRaindrop();

    }

    private void spawnRaindrop() {
        Rectangle raindrop = new Rectangle();
        raindrop.x = MathUtils.random(0, 800 - 64);
        raindrop.y = 480;
        raindrop.width = 64;
        raindrop.height = 64;
        raindrops.add(raindrop);
        lastDropTime = TimeUtils.nanoTime();
    }

    @Override
    public void render(float delta) {
        // clear the screen with a dark blue color. The
        // arguments to glClearColor are the red, green
        // blue and alpha component in the range [0,1]
        // of the color to be used to clear the screen.
        Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0.2f, 1);
        Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        // tell the camera to update its matrices.
        camera.update();

        // tell the SpriteBatch to render in the
        // coordinate system specified by the camera.
        game.batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined);

        // begin a new batch and draw the bucket and
        // all drops
        game.batch.begin();
        game.font.draw(game.batch, "Drops Collected: " + dropsGathered, 0, 480);
        game.batch.draw(bucketImage, bucket.x, bucket.y);
        for (Rectangle raindrop : raindrops) {
            game.batch.draw(dropImage, raindrop.x, raindrop.y);
        }
        game.batch.end();

        // process user input
        if (Gdx.input.isTouched()) {
            Vector3 touchPos = new Vector3();
            touchPos.set(Gdx.input.getX(), Gdx.input.getY(), 0);
            camera.unproject(touchPos);
            bucket.x = touchPos.x - 64 / 2;
        }
        if (Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.LEFT))
            bucket.x -= 200 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime();
        if (Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.RIGHT))
            bucket.x += 200 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime();

        // make sure the bucket stays within the screen bounds
        if (bucket.x < 0)
            bucket.x = 0;
        if (bucket.x > 800 - 64)
            bucket.x = 800 - 64;

        // check if we need to create a new raindrop
        if (TimeUtils.nanoTime() - lastDropTime > 1000000000)
            spawnRaindrop();

        // move the raindrops, remove any that are beneath the bottom edge of
        // the screen or that hit the bucket. In the later case we increase the 
        // value our drops counter and add a sound effect.
        Iterator<Rectangle> iter = raindrops.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            Rectangle raindrop = iter.next();
            raindrop.y -= 200 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime();
            if (raindrop.y + 64 < 0)
                iter.remove();
            if (raindrop.overlaps(bucket)) {
                dropsGathered++;
                dropSound.play();
                iter.remove();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void resize(int width, int height) {
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        // start the playback of the background music
        // when the screen is shown
        rainMusic.play();
    }

    @Override
    public void hide() {
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
    }

    @Override
    public void resume() {
    }

    @Override
    public void dispose() {
        dropImage.dispose();
        bucketImage.dispose();
        dropSound.dispose();
        rainMusic.dispose();
    }

}

上面的代码和Drop几乎一致，只不过我们使用构造器来代替了create()方法。

上面的代码中也在左上角添加了一个字符串，用来跟踪有多少个雨滴被收集到了。

上面就是你所要知道的关于Game和Screen的知识，这样就可以来构建一个拥有多界面的游戏了。