Extremal Region(极值区域)文本定位与识别法－代码分析（一）

很惊喜地发现Jiri Matas的方法：Real-Time Scene TextLocalization and Recognition CVPR 2012 在OpenCV 3.0 的contrib中有实现，也许未来就会出现在OpenCV的正式版本中，太赞了，照源代码学习之！（四千多行代码，也是醉了~）

ERFilter源码地址：https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib/tree/master/modules/text

  我用VC2012创建的可以直接运行的Demo工程,CSDN下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/liveintoday/8447045 (要用OpenCV 3.0，不过稍加修改2.4也能运行)

1.structCV_EXPORTSERStat      代码中用一个ERStat结构体来代表一个分类的极值区域

struct CV_EXPORTS ERStat
{
public:
    //! Constructor
	//explicit构造函数必须显式调用，将构造函数声明为explicit（显式）的方式可以抑制隐式转换。隐式转换常常带来程序逻辑的错误，而且这种错误一旦发生是很难察觉的。
    explicit ERStat(int level = 256, int pixel = 0, int x = 0, int y = 0);
    //! Destructor
    ~ERStat() { }

    //! seed point and the threshold (max grey-level value)
    int pixel;
    int level;

	// 这些特征的详细描述参加我学习笔记（三）中的图解
    //! incrementally computable features
    int area;
    int perimeter;
    int euler;                 //!< euler number
    Rect rect;
    double raw_moments[2];     //!< order 1 raw moments to derive the centroid
    double central_moments[3]; //!< order 2 central moments to construct the covariance matrix
    std::deque<int> *crossings;//!< horizontal crossings
    float med_crossings;       //!< median of the crossings at three different height levels

    //! 2nd stage features
    float hole_area_ratio;
    float convex_hull_ratio;
    float num_inflexion_points;

    // TODO Other features can be added (average color, standard deviation, and such)


    // TODO shall we include the pixel list whenever available (i.e. after 2nd stage) ?
    std::vector<int> *pixels;

    //! probability that the ER belongs to the class we are looking for
    double probability;
	//程序中用一个广搜删除ERStat区域树
	//static void deleteERStatTree(ERStat* root) {
	//	queue<ERStat*> to_delete;
	//	to_delete.push(root);
	//	while (!to_delete.empty()) {
	//		ERStat* n = to_delete.front();
	//		to_delete.pop();
	//		ERStat* c = n->child;
	//		if (c != NULL) {
	//			to_delete.push(c);