802.11的仿真（1）

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过几天，项目组老师要求对 NS做一个简单的介绍，可是到现在对 NS的研究还很肤浅，实在不知道，如何是好。手边的资料是不少，可是没有亲自的编写，亲自的调试，是不可能会很好掌握的。

不过无论怎么还是抛砖引玉吧。

下面是两个例子。

1。这个程序是验证 802.11在基本模式下，系统所能达到的最大吞吐率。

 

proc getopt {argc argv} {

global opt

lappend optlist nn

for {set i 0} {$i < $argc} {incr i} {

set opt($i) [lindex $argv $i]

}

}

getopt $argc $argv

add-packet-header IP LL Mac ARP TCP ;# needed headers

Mac/802_11 set CWMin_ 31

Mac/802_11 set CWMax_ 1023

Mac/802_11 set SlotTime_ 0.000020 ;# 20us

Mac/802_11 set SIFS_ 0.000010 ;# 10us

Mac/802_11 set PreambleLength_ 144 ;# 144 bit

Mac/802_11 set ShortPreambleLength_ 72 ;# 72 bit

Mac/802_11 set PreambleDataRate_ 1.0e6 ;# 1Mbps

Mac/802_11 set PLCPHeaderLength_ 48 ;# 48 bits

Mac/802_11 set PLCPDataRate_ 1.0e6 ;# 1Mbps

Mac/802_11 set ShortPLCPDataRate_ 2.0e6 ;# 2Mbps

Mac/802_11 set RTSThreshold_ 3000 ;# bytes Disable RTS/CTS

Mac/802_11 set ShortRetryLimit_ 7 ;# retransmissions

Mac/802_11 set LongRetryLimit_ 4 ;# retransmissions

Mac/802_11 set newchipset_ false ;# use new chipset, allowing a more recent

;# packet to be correctly received in place

;# of the first sensed packet

Mac/802_11 set dataRate_ 11Mb ;# 802.11 data transmission rate

Mac/802_11 set basicRate_ 1Mb ;# 802.11 basic transmission rate

#Mac/802_11 set aarf_ false ;# 802.11 Auto Rate Fallback

#opt(1) 1: short preamble 0:long preamble

if {$opt(1) > 0} {

ErrorModel80211 shortpreamble 1 ;# toggle 802.11 short preamble on/off

}

#===================================

# Simulation parameters setup

#===================================

set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type

set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model

set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type

set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type

set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type

set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type

set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model

set val(ifqlen) 10 ;# max packet in ifq

set val(nn) 2 ;# number of mobilenodes

set val(rp) DSDV ;# routing protocol

set val(stop) 100.0 ;# time of simulation end

set ns_ [new Simulator]

set tracefd [open simple.tr w]

$ns_ trace-all $tracefd

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $nf 100 100

# set up topography object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 100 100

# Create God

create-god $val(nn)

set chan_1_ [new $val(chan)]

$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) /

-llType $val(ll) /

-macType $val(mac) /

-ifqType $val(ifq) /

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) /

-antType $val(ant) /

-propType $val(prop) /

-phyType $val(netif) /

-channel $chan_1_ /

-topoInstance $topo /

-agentTrace ON /

-routerTrace OFF /

-macTrace ON /

-movementTrace OFF

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns_ node]

$node_($i) random-motion 0 ;# disable random motion

}

set rng [new RNG]

$rng seed 1

set rand1 [new RandomVariable/Uniform]

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

puts "wireless node $i created ..."

set x [expr 50+[$rand1 value]*50]

set y [expr 50+[$rand1 value]*50]

$node_($i) set X_ $x

$node_($i) set Y_ $y

$node_($i) set Z_ 0.0

puts "X_:$x Y_:$y"

}

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

set udp_($i) [new Agent/UDP]

$udp_($i) set packetSize_ 2000

$ns_ attach-agent $node_($i) $udp_($i)

set null_($i) [new Agent/LossMonitor]

$ns_ attach-agent $node_($i) $null_($i)

}

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

if {$i == ($val(nn)-1)} {

$ns_ connect $udp_($i) $null_(0)

} else {

set j [expr $i+1]

$ns_ connect $udp_($i) $null_($j)

}

set cbr_($i) [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr_($i) attach-agent $udp_($i)

$cbr_($i) set type_ CBR

$cbr_($i) set packet_size_ [expr $opt(0)-20]

$cbr_($i) set rate_ 5Mb

$cbr_($i) set random_ false

}

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

$ns_ at 1.1 "$cbr_($i) start"

$ns_ at 5.1 "$cbr_($i) stop"

}

# Tell nodes when the simulation ends

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

$ns_ at 100.0 "$node_($i) reset";

}

$ns_ at 100.0 "stop"

$ns_ at 100.01 "puts /"NS EXITING.../" ; $ns_ halt"

$ns_ at 45.0 "record"

set first_time 10000.0

set last_time 0.0

proc record {} {

global ns_ null_ val first_time last_time

set sum 0

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

set th 0

set a [$null_($i) set bytes_]

set b [$null_($i) set lastPktTime_]

set c [$null_($i) set firstPktTime_]

if {$first_time>$c} {

set first_time $c

}

if {$last_time<$b} {

set last_time $b

}

if {$b>$c} {

set t_bytes [expr $a*8]

set sum [expr $sum+$t_bytes]

}

}

puts "total throughput:[expr $sum/($last_time-0]bps"

}

proc stop {} {

global ns_ tracefd

$ns_ flush-trace

close $tracefd

}

puts "Starting Simulation..."

$ns_ run

 

在没有修改 tools/loss-monitor.h 和 tools/loss-monitor.cc 之前。会出现“ ns: record: can't read "firstPktTime_": no such variable” 这样的错误。可是修改了以后，错误变成了” warning: no class variable Agent/LossMonitor::firstPktTime_

see tcl-object.tcl in tclcl for info about this warning.

warning: no class variable Agent/LossMonitor::firstPktTime_

see tcl-object.tcl in tclcl for info about this warning.

Starting Simulation...

channel.cc:sendUp - Calc highestAntennaZ_ and distCST_

highestAntennaZ_ = 1.5, distCST_ = 550.0

SORTING LISTS ...DONE!

ns: record: syntax error in expression "27392800/(5.1405303368993662-0": looking for close parenthesis

while executing

"expr $sum/($last_time-0"

(procedure "record" line 21)

invoked from within

"record" ”

目前没有找到解决的办法。

 

2 。下面这个 TCL 脚本同样是测试系统吞吐率，但是没有分析跟踪文件

set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type

set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagationmodel

set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type

set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type

set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type

set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type

set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model

set val(ifqlen) 1000 ;# max packet in ifq

set val(nn) 5 ;# number of mobilenodes

set val(rp) DSDV ;# routing protocol

Mac/802_11 set RTSThreshold_ 3000 ;# bytes

Mac/802_11 set ShortRetryLimit_ 7 ;# retransmittions

Mac/802_11 set LongRetryLimit_ 4 ;# retransmissions

Mac/802_11 set PreambleLength_ 144 ;# 144 bit

Mac/802_11 set PLCPHeaderLength_ 48 ;# 48 bits

Mac/802_11 set PLCPDataRate_ 1Mb ;# 1Mbps

Mac/802_11 set dataRate_ 1Mb

Mac/802_11 set basicRate_ 1Mb

Mac/802_11 set CWMin_ 31

Mac/802_11 set CWMax_ 1023

Mac/802_11 set SlotTime_ 0.000020 ;# 20us

Mac/802_11 set SIFS_ 0.000010 ;# 10us

set ns_ [new Simulator]

set tracefd [open simple.tr w]

$ns_ trace-all $tracefd

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $nf 300 300

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 300 300

create-god $val(nn)

set chan_1_ [new $val(chan)]

$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) /

-llType $val(ll) /

-macType $val(mac) /

-ifqType $val(ifq) /

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) /

-antType $val(ant) /

-propType $val(prop) /

-phyType $val(netif) /

-channel $chan_1_ /

-topoInstance $topo /

-agentTrace ON /

-routerTrace OFF /

-macTrace OFF /

-movementTrace OFF

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns_ node]

$node_($i) random-motion 0 ;# disable random motion

}

set rng [new RNG]

$rng seed 1

set rand1 [new RandomVariable/Uniform]

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

puts "wireless node $i created ..."

set x [expr 150+[$rand1 value]*4]

set y [expr 150+[$rand1 value]*1]

$node_($i) set X_ $x

$node_($i) set Y_ $y

$node_($i) set Z_ 0.0

puts "X_:$x Y_:$y"

}

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

set udp_($i) [new Agent/UDP]

$ns_ attach-agent $node_($i) $udp_($i)

set null_($i) [new Agent/LossMonitor]

$ns_ attach-agent $node_($i) $null_($i)

}

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

if {$i == ($val(nn)-1)} {

$ns_ connect $udp_($i) $null_(0)

} else {

set j [expr $i+1]

$ns_ connect $udp_($i) $null_($j)

}

set cbr_($i) [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr_($i) attach-agent $udp_($i)

$cbr_($i) set type_ CBR

$cbr_($i) set packet_size_ 1000

$cbr_($i) set rate_ 500kb

$cbr_($i) set random_ false

}

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

$ns_ at 1.0 "$cbr_($i) start"

$ns_ at 50.0 "$cbr_($i) stop"

}

# Tell nodes when the simulation ends

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

$ns_ at 100.0 "$node_($i) reset";

}

$ns_ at 100.0 "stop"

$ns_ at 100.01 "puts /"NS EXITING.../" ; $ns_ halt"

$ns_ at 45.0 "record"

proc record {} {

global ns_ null_ val

set sum 0

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

set th 0

set a [$null_($i) set bytes_]

set b [$null_($i) set lastPktTime_]

set c [$null_($i) set firstPktTime_]

set d [$null_($i) set npkts_]

if {$b>$c} {

set th [expr ($a-$d*20)*8/($b-$c)]

puts "flow $i has $th bps"

}

set sum [expr $sum+$th]

}

puts "total throughput:$sum bps"

}

proc stop {} {

global ns_ tracefd

$ns_ flush-trace

close $tracefd

}

puts "Starting Simulation..."

$ns_ run

 

虽然可以得到最后的吞吐率，但是存在 warning 。并且和上面的例子一样，看来是 NS 的内部模块出现了问题。” warning: no class variable Agent/LossMonitor::firstPktTime_

 

see tcl-object.tcl in tclcl for info about this warning.

warning: no class variable Agent/LossMonitor::firstPktTime_

see tcl-object.tcl in tclcl for info about this warning.

warning: no class variable Agent/LossMonitor::firstPktTime_

see tcl-object.tcl in tclcl for info about this warning.

warning: no class variable Agent/LossMonitor::firstPktTime_

see tcl-object.tcl in tclcl for info about this warning.

warning: no class variable Agent/LossMonitor::firstPktTime_

see tcl-object.tcl in tclcl for info about this warning. ” 而事实上，查看了 tcl.object.tcl 了以后还是没有任何的解释。

纠结中。还是在好好看看手册吧。

 

参考文献

［ 1 ］ http://hpds.ee.ncku.edu.tw/~smallko/ns2/total_throghput.htm