SDI Example
SDI示例演示如何创建单个文档接口。它使用许多顶级窗口来显示不同文本文件的内容。
界面和Application Example 的很相似。
增加了:
- 最近访问的文件 File | Recent…
- 瓦片式显示,多窗口界面的显示
main.cpp
#include <QApplication>
#include <QCommandLineParser>
#include "mainwindow.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// 基本和Application Example 一样,略。
Q_INIT_RESOURCE(sdi);
QApplication app(argc, argv);
QCoreApplication::setApplicationName("SDI Example");
QCoreApplication::setOrganizationName("QtProject");
QCoreApplication::setApplicationVersion(QT_VERSION_STR);
QCommandLineParser parser;
parser.setApplicationDescription(QCoreApplication::applicationName());
parser.addHelpOption();
parser.addVersionOption();
parser.addPositionalArgument("file", "The file(s) to open.");
parser.process(app);
MainWindow *mainWin = nullptr;
// 命令行参数 输入多个文件路径
const QStringList posArgs = parser.positionalArguments();
// 每个文件使用一个MainWindow,并进行tile排列
for (const QString &file : posArgs) {
MainWindow *newWin = new MainWindow(file);
newWin->tile(mainWin);
newWin->show();
mainWin = newWin;
}
if (!mainWin)
mainWin = new MainWindow;
mainWin->show();
return app.exec();
}
MainWindow.h
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QList>
class QAction;
class QMenu;
class QTextEdit;
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow();
explicit MainWindow(const QString &fileName);
void tile(const QMainWindow *previous);
protected:
void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event) override;
private slots:
// 参考 Application Example
void newFile();
void open();
bool save();
bool saveAs();
void updateRecentFileActions();
void openRecentFile();
void about();
void documentWasModified();
private:
enum { MaxRecentFiles = 5 };
void init();
void createActions();
void createStatusBar();
void readSettings();
void writeSettings();
bool maybeSave();
void openFile(const QString &fileName);
void loadFile(const QString &fileName);
static bool hasRecentFiles();
void prependToRecentFiles(const QString &fileName);
void setRecentFilesVisible(bool visible);
bool saveFile(const QString &fileName);
void setCurrentFile(const QString &fileName);
static QString strippedName(const QString &fullFileName);
MainWindow *findMainWindow(const QString &fileName) const;
QTextEdit *textEdit;
QAction *recentFileActs[MaxRecentFiles];
QAction *recentFileSeparator;
QAction *recentFileSubMenuAct;
QString curFile;
bool isUntitled;
};
#endif
MainWindow.cpp
#include <QtWidgets>
#include "mainwindow.h"
// 没有文件路径参数的构造函数
MainWindow::MainWindow()
{
init();
setCurrentFile(QString());
}
// 有文件路径参数的构造函数
MainWindow::MainWindow(const QString &fileName)
{
init();
loadFile(fileName);
}
// 关闭事件
void MainWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event)
{
if (maybeSave()) {
writeSettings();
event->accept();
} else {
event->ignore();
}
}
// 新建文件
void MainWindow::newFile()
{
MainWindow *other = new MainWindow;
other->tile(this);
other->show();
}
// 打开操作,获取文件名,并调用打开文件函数
void MainWindow::open()
{
const QString fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this);
if (!fileName.isEmpty())
openFile(fileName);
}
// 打开文件
void MainWindow::openFile(const QString &fileName)
{
MainWindow *existing = findMainWindow(fileName);
if (existing) {
existing->show(); // 显示窗口
existing->raise(); // 提升窗口
existing->activateWindow(); // 激活窗口
return;
}
// 未命名、内容为空、未修改
if (isUntitled && textEdit->document()->isEmpty() && !isWindowModified()) {
loadFile(fileName);
return;
}
// 用文件名构造新的主窗口
MainWindow *other = new MainWindow(fileName);
if (other->isUntitled) {
delete other;
return;
}
other->tile(this);
other->show();
}
// 保存操作
bool MainWindow::save()
{
// 如果未命名 saveAs : saveFile
return isUntitled ? saveAs() : saveFile(curFile);
}
// 另存为
bool MainWindow::saveAs()
{
QString fileName = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, tr("Save As"),
curFile);
if (fileName.isEmpty())
return false;
return saveFile(fileName);
}
// 关于
void MainWindow::about()
{
QMessageBox::about(this, tr("About SDI"),
tr("The <b>SDI</b> example demonstrates how to write single "
"document interface applications using Qt."));
}
// 文档被修改
void MainWindow::documentWasModified()
{
// QWidget::setWindowModified(bool)
setWindowModified(true);
}
/* 初始化 */
void MainWindow::init()
{
// 在小部件接受关闭事件时删除此小部件,请参阅QWidget::closeEvent().
setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose);
isUntitled = true; // 未命名标志
textEdit = new QTextEdit; // 中央控件
setCentralWidget(textEdit);
createActions(); // 创建操作,并放入菜单栏和工具栏
createStatusBar(); // 创建状态栏,显示信息
readSettings(); // 读取首选项设置,并恢复状态。
connect(textEdit->document(), &QTextDocument::contentsChanged,
this, &MainWindow::documentWasModified); // 文档有修改
setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(true); // MacOs Only
}
// 瓦片式显示(视窗)
void MainWindow::tile(const QMainWindow *previous)
{
if (!previous)
return;
// 获取前一个界面的几何体位置和窗体位置的偏移
int offset = previous->geometry().top() - previous->pos().y();
if (!offset) offset = 40;
// 在前一个界面窗体位置的基础上右下移动2个偏移
const QPoint pos = previous->pos() + 2 * QPoint(offset, offset);
// 屏幕空间 包含当前窗口的偏移后的右下点。
if (screen()->availableGeometry().contains(rect().bottomRight() + pos))
move(pos);
}
// 创建操作
void MainWindow::createActions()
{
QMenu *fileMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("&File"));
QToolBar *fileToolBar = addToolBar(tr("File"));
const QIcon newIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("document-new", QIcon(":/images/new.png"));
QAction *newAct = new QAction(newIcon, tr("&New"), this);
newAct->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::New);
newAct->setStatusTip(tr("Create a new file"));
connect(newAct, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::newFile);
fileMenu->addAction(newAct);
fileToolBar->addAction(newAct);
const QIcon openIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("document-open", QIcon(":/images/open.png"));
QAction *openAct = new QAction(openIcon, tr("&Open..."), this);
openAct->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Open);
openAct->setStatusTip(tr("Open an existing file"));
connect(openAct, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::open);
fileMenu->addAction(openAct);
fileToolBar->addAction(openAct);
const QIcon saveIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("document-save", QIcon(":/images/save.png"));
QAction *saveAct = new QAction(saveIcon, tr("&Save"), this);
saveAct->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Save);
saveAct->setStatusTip(tr("Save the document to disk"));
connect(saveAct, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::save);
fileMenu->addAction(saveAct);
fileToolBar->addAction(saveAct);
const QIcon saveAsIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("document-save-as");
QAction *saveAsAct = fileMenu->addAction(saveAsIcon, tr("Save &As..."), this, &MainWindow::saveAs);
saveAsAct->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+Shift+S")); // windows 没有 SaveAs键序列
saveAsAct->setStatusTip(tr("Save the document under a new name"));
fileMenu->addSeparator();
//增加 File | Recent...
QMenu *recentMenu = fileMenu->addMenu(tr("Recent..."));
connect(recentMenu, &QMenu::aboutToShow, this, &MainWindow::updateRecentFileActions);
recentFileSubMenuAct = recentMenu->menuAction(); // 保存菜单的操作
// 添加5个子菜单,默认空字符,不显示
for (int i = 0; i < MaxRecentFiles; ++i) {
recentFileActs[i] = recentMenu->addAction(QString(), this, &MainWindow::openRecentFile);
recentFileActs[i]->setVisible(false);
}
recentFileSeparator = fileMenu->addSeparator();
// 根据是否有recentfiles,决定是否显示相关的菜单和分隔符
setRecentFilesVisible(MainWindow::hasRecentFiles());
QAction *closeAct = fileMenu->addAction(tr("&Close"), this, &QWidget::close);
closeAct->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+W"));
closeAct->setStatusTip(tr("Close this window"));
const QIcon exitIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("application-exit");
QAction *exitAct = fileMenu->addAction(exitIcon, tr("E&xit"), qApp, &QApplication::closeAllWindows);
exitAct->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+Q")); // windows 没有 Quit键序列
exitAct->setStatusTip(tr("Exit the application"));
QMenu *editMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("&Edit"));
QToolBar *editToolBar = addToolBar(tr("Edit"));
const QIcon cutIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("edit-cut", QIcon(":/images/cut.png"));
QAction *cutAct = new QAction(cutIcon, tr("Cu&t"), this);
cutAct->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Cut);
cutAct->setStatusTip(tr("Cut the current selection's contents to the "
"clipboard"));
connect(cutAct, &QAction::triggered, textEdit, &QTextEdit::cut);
editMenu->addAction(cutAct);
editToolBar->addAction(cutAct);
const QIcon copyIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("edit-copy", QIcon(":/images/copy.png"));
QAction *copyAct = new QAction(copyIcon, tr("&Copy"), this);
copyAct->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Copy);
copyAct->setStatusTip(tr("Copy the current selection's contents to the "
"clipboard"));
connect(copyAct, &QAction::triggered, textEdit, &QTextEdit::copy);
editMenu->addAction(copyAct);
editToolBar->addAction(copyAct);
const QIcon pasteIcon = QIcon::fromTheme("edit-paste", QIcon(":/images/paste.png"));
QAction *pasteAct = new QAction(pasteIcon, tr("&Paste"), this);
pasteAct->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Paste);
pasteAct->setStatusTip(tr("Paste the clipboard's contents into the current "
"selection"));
connect(pasteAct, &QAction::triggered, textEdit, &QTextEdit::paste);
editMenu->addAction(pasteAct);
editToolBar->addAction(pasteAct);
menuBar()->addSeparator();
QMenu *helpMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("&Help"));
QAction *aboutAct = helpMenu->addAction(tr("&About"), this, &MainWindow::about);
aboutAct->setStatusTip(tr("Show the application's About box"));
QAction *aboutQtAct = helpMenu->addAction(tr("About &Qt"), qApp, &QApplication::aboutQt);
aboutQtAct->setStatusTip(tr("Show the Qt library's About box"));
cutAct->setEnabled(false); // 默认禁用
copyAct->setEnabled(false); // 默认禁用
connect(textEdit, &QTextEdit::copyAvailable, cutAct, &QAction::setEnabled);
connect(textEdit, &QTextEdit::copyAvailable, copyAct, &QAction::setEnabled);
}
// 创建状态栏
void MainWindow::createStatusBar()
{
statusBar()->showMessage(tr("Ready"));
}
// 读取首选项并恢复程序状态
void MainWindow::readSettings()
{
QSettings settings(QCoreApplication::organizationName(), QCoreApplication::applicationName());
const QByteArray geometry = settings.value("geometry", QByteArray()).toByteArray();
if (geometry.isEmpty()) {
const QRect availableGeometry = screen()->availableGeometry();
resize(availableGeometry.width() / 3, availableGeometry.height() / 2);
move((availableGeometry.width() - width()) / 2,
(availableGeometry.height() - height()) / 2);
} else {
// QWidget::restoreGeometry(const QByteArray &geometry)
restoreGeometry(geometry);
}
}
// 写入首选项
void MainWindow::writeSettings()
{
QSettings settings(QCoreApplication::organizationName(), QCoreApplication::applicationName());
// QByteArray QWidget::saveGeometry() const
settings.setValue("geometry", saveGeometry());
}
// 是否需要保存
bool MainWindow::maybeSave()
{
if (!textEdit->document()->isModified())
return true;
const QMessageBox::StandardButton ret
= QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("SDI"),
tr("The document has been modified.\n"
"Do you want to save your changes?"),
QMessageBox::Save | QMessageBox::Discard
| QMessageBox::Cancel);
switch (ret) {
case QMessageBox::Save:
return save();
case QMessageBox::Cancel:
return false;
default:
break;
}
return true;
}
// 读取文本文件
void MainWindow::loadFile(const QString &fileName)
{
QFile file(fileName);
if (!file.open(QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("SDI"),
tr("Cannot read file %1:\n%2.")
.arg(QDir::toNativeSeparators(fileName), file.errorString()));
return;
}
QTextStream in(&file);
QGuiApplication::setOverrideCursor(Qt::WaitCursor);
textEdit->setPlainText(in.readAll());
QGuiApplication::restoreOverrideCursor();
setCurrentFile(fileName);
statusBar()->showMessage(tr("File loaded"), 2000);
}
// 是否显示RecentFiles和分隔符号
void MainWindow::setRecentFilesVisible(bool visible)
{
recentFileSubMenuAct->setVisible(visible);
recentFileSeparator->setVisible(visible);
}
static inline QString recentFilesKey() { return QStringLiteral("recentFileList"); }
static inline QString fileKey() { return QStringLiteral("file"); }
// 从settings读取最近访问的文件
static QStringList readRecentFiles(QSettings &settings)
{
QStringList result;
const int count = settings.beginReadArray(recentFilesKey());
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
settings.setArrayIndex(i);
result.append(settings.value(fileKey()).toString());
}
settings.endArray();
return result;
}
static void writeRecentFiles(const QStringList &files, QSettings &settings)
{
const int count = files.size();
settings.beginWriteArray(recentFilesKey());
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
settings.setArrayIndex(i);
settings.setValue(fileKey(), files.at(i));
}
settings.endArray();
}
/* 主程序是否有最近访问的文件 */
bool MainWindow::hasRecentFiles()
{
QSettings settings(QCoreApplication::organizationName(), QCoreApplication::applicationName());
// qDebug() << settings.allKeys ();
const int count = settings.beginReadArray(recentFilesKey());
settings.endArray();
return count > 0;
}
// 添加最近访问的文件
void MainWindow::prependToRecentFiles(const QString &fileName)
{
QSettings settings(QCoreApplication::organizationName(), QCoreApplication::applicationName());
const QStringList oldRecentFiles = readRecentFiles(settings);
QStringList recentFiles = oldRecentFiles;
recentFiles.removeAll(fileName);
recentFiles.prepend(fileName);
if (oldRecentFiles != recentFiles)
writeRecentFiles(recentFiles, settings);
setRecentFilesVisible(!recentFiles.isEmpty());
}
// 更新最近访问文件的操作
void MainWindow::updateRecentFileActions()
{
QSettings settings(QCoreApplication::organizationName(), QCoreApplication::applicationName());
const QStringList recentFiles = readRecentFiles(settings);
const int count = qMin(int(MaxRecentFiles), recentFiles.size());
int i = 0;
for ( ; i < count; ++i) {
const QString fileName = MainWindow::strippedName(recentFiles.at(i));
recentFileActs[i]->setText(tr("&%1 %2").arg(i + 1).arg(fileName));
recentFileActs[i]->setData(recentFiles.at(i));
recentFileActs[i]->setVisible(true);
}
for ( ; i < MaxRecentFiles; ++i)
recentFileActs[i]->setVisible(false);
}
// 打开最近访问的文件
void MainWindow::openRecentFile()
{
if (const QAction *action = qobject_cast<const QAction *>(sender()))
openFile(action->data().toString());
}
// 保存文件
bool MainWindow::saveFile(const QString &fileName)
{
QString errorMessage;
QGuiApplication::setOverrideCursor(Qt::WaitCursor);
QSaveFile file(fileName);
if (file.open(QFile::WriteOnly | QFile::Text)) {
QTextStream out(&file);
out << textEdit->toPlainText();
if (!file.commit()) {
errorMessage = tr("Cannot write file %1:\n%2.")
.arg(QDir::toNativeSeparators(fileName), file.errorString());
}
} else {
errorMessage = tr("Cannot open file %1 for writing:\n%2.")
.arg(QDir::toNativeSeparators(fileName), file.errorString());
}
QGuiApplication::restoreOverrideCursor();
if (!errorMessage.isEmpty()) {
QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("SDI"), errorMessage);
return false;
}
setCurrentFile(fileName);
statusBar()->showMessage(tr("File saved"), 2000);
return true;
}
// 设置当前文件
void MainWindow::setCurrentFile(const QString &fileName)
{
static int sequenceNumber = 1;
isUntitled = fileName.isEmpty();
if (isUntitled) {
curFile = tr("document%1.txt").arg(sequenceNumber++);
} else {
curFile = QFileInfo(fileName).canonicalFilePath();
}
textEdit->document()->setModified(false);
setWindowModified(false);
if (!isUntitled && windowFilePath() != curFile)
MainWindow::prependToRecentFiles(curFile);
setWindowFilePath(curFile);
}
// 简洁文件名
QString MainWindow::strippedName(const QString &fullFileName)
{
return QFileInfo(fullFileName).fileName();
}
// 根据文件名查找是否已经存在相应的主界面
MainWindow *MainWindow::findMainWindow(const QString &fileName) const
{
QString canonicalFilePath = QFileInfo(fileName).canonicalFilePath();
/*QWidgetList QApplication::topLevelWidgets()
返回应用程序中顶级小部件(窗口)的列表。
注意:一些顶级小部件可能会被隐藏,例如,如果当前没有显示工具提示,则会显示工具提示。*/
const QList<QWidget *> topLevelWidgets = QApplication::topLevelWidgets();
for (QWidget *widget : topLevelWidgets) {
MainWindow *mainWin = qobject_cast<MainWindow *>(widget);
if (mainWin && mainWin->curFile == canonicalFilePath)
return mainWin;
}
return nullptr;
}