MIT计算机科学集编程导论（二）

Lecture 2

 

基本数据类型

Primitivedata - numbers & strings

                             - value&type

Combine in expressions表达式: operands & operators操作数和运算符

Interpreter - evaluates & prints解释器先运算后返回结果

Script -no print unless explict

在脚本中执行时，如果没有显示的打印的话，每个表达式执行后是不会打印返回值的。

这一点与在控制台直接输入不同。

 

类型检查

Typeconvertor: str(3)+'ab'正确的

Thesyntax is OK but it is a static semantic error. Because the operator wasexpecting a particular kind of structurethere.语法没有问题，但这是一个静态语义错误。因为运算符要求一种特定的结构。

Type checking 

-weak vs. strong typing 强弱的类型检查

Typediscipline类型规范

>>>'a' < 3

False

>>>4 < '3'

True

>>>'4' < '3'

False

字符与数字按照ASCII码比较。

 

表达式规则

operatorsprecedence 运算符优先级

when in doubt,use parens用括号

 

变量赋值声明

Variablevalues Assignment

that's done using an assignment statement赋值声明

x = 3*5

y = 15

z = x

When Icreate a binding, I'm taking a variable name, in this case x, stored somewherein a table, and I'm creating a link or a pointer from that name to thatvalue. 

赋值就相当于取某个变量名，这里是x，存在某处，然后创建一个变量名与值之间的连接或指针。

This is a nuance细微之处. It's going to make a lot more senselater on, when we introduce mutation into our language. Don't think of it as aspecific box into which we're putting things, think of it as a link to a value.

注意这里的差别。这种思想在以后非常有用，特别是引入“可变性”的概念后。千万不要将赋值考虑为往盒子里装东西。

Type ofvariable - It inherits it from its value.

变量的类型是什么？答案是：变量的类型继承于其值。

Dynamictypes动态类型

x = 3

x = 'abc'

Itchanges depending on what the current value is. Or said a different way, ifsomewhere later on in the program I do this, x now has changed its type fromINT to string.

变量的类型随着当前值的类型而改变。换言之，如果之后程序里出现这样的语句，x就会从整型变为字符串型。

Don'tchange types arbitrarily.

不要随意改变变量类型。

Statements= legal commands that Python can interpret.

-print, assignment

代码风格

do comments 认真做注释

Variable names - important to document, keywords excluded 28

 

分支程序

a straight-line program

Abranching program is that can change the order of instructions based on sometest. And that test is usually a value of a variable.

if(x/2)*2 == x:

    print 'Even'

else:print 'Odd'

Syntax:colon is important, it identifies a block of instructions. The colon is start,and the carriage return is the end.

分支程序是执行过程中，可以根据判别结果改变指令顺序。而判别通常是对某变量值进行的。

冒号表示开始，回车表示结束。

双等号，区别于一个等号赋值，是为左右两边值的比较

 

布尔组合

Boolean combination

'and or not' make a complex expression

 

循环

iteration or loops

设定好输入的量的类型范围

 

来自 <http://blog.csdn.net/dc_726/article/details/7081413>