MIT麻省理工学院公开课：计算机科学及编程导论 Python 笔记1-3

Lecture1：Goals of the course; what is computation; introduction to data types, operators, and variables

Python

• High （√） VS. low
• General （√） VS. targetted

• Interpreted （√） VS. compile

  1. Syntax语法：what are legal expressions
     “cat dog boy “
  2. Static semantics 静态语义：which programs are meaningful
     “ My desk is Suson“
  3. Full semantics 完整语义：what does program mean
     what will happen when i run it

Operation
+ - * /

>>>'a'*3
'aaa'
>>>3/5
0
>>>3**3
27

Variables

>>> a = 3
>>> print a
3

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Lecture2：Operators and operands; statements; branching, conditionals, and iteration

Operators and operands

>>> 'ab' + 'c'
'abc'
>>> 3 + 'c'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
>>> str(3) + 'c'
'3c'

• type conversion 类型转换 str(3)
• type checking 类型检查 weak VS. strong typing
  TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: ‘int’ and ‘str’
• type discipline
• operation precedence 算符优先
  * >> / >> + - when is doubt， use ()

>>> 'a' < 3
False
>>> 4 + '3'
True
>>> 9／5
1
>>> 9％5
4
>>> 3＋4＊5
23

• Variables has a value－－Assignment x = 3

• type of Variables－－get from value
  Dynamic types 动态类型
  x = ‘abc’

  don’t change types arbitrarily 不要反复无常的改变变量类型

• Variables used any place it’s legal to use value

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statements

• statements = legal commands that Python can interpret
• print, assignment
  

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branching 分支

• change the order of instructions based on some test (usually a value of a variable)
• Syntax
  冒号colon : begin a sequence of instructions
  identifies a block of instructions.

冒号: start
carriage 回车 is end

x = 15
if（x/2）* 2 == x:
    print 'Even'
else: print 'Odd'

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conditionals 条件

＃ if语句可嵌套
if <some test> :
    Block of instructions.
else: 
    Block of instructions.

• Boolean combination：AND, OR, or NOT

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iteration 迭代 or loops 循环

# y ＝ x的平方
y = 0
x = 3
itersLeft = x
while(itersLeft>0) :
    y = y + x
    itersLeft = itersLeft -1
print y

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Lecture3：Common code patterns：iterative programs

iterative programs<