拟牛顿法（DFP、BFGS）在回归分析中的应用

    现在来讲拟牛顿法，主要讲两种主要的拟牛顿法，第一种拟牛顿法是由Davidon提出来的，后经Fletcher和Powell修改整理的，所以称为DPF方法。第二种著名的拟牛顿法是由Broyden,Fletcher,Glodfard,Shanno四人独立提出来的，所以常被称为BFGS方法。下面给出拟牛顿法的算法框架。

下面给出实验结果

Quasi_newton.m

x = load('ex3x.dat');      
y = load('ex3y.dat');      
      
trustRegionBound = 1000;      
x = [ones(size(x,1),1) x];      
meanx = mean(x);%求均值      
sigmax = std(x);%求标准偏差      
x(:,2) = (x(:,2)-meanx(2))./sigmax(2);      
x(:,3) = (x(:,3)-meanx(3))./sigmax(3);      
itera_num = 1000; %尝试的迭代次数      
sample_num = size(x,1); %训练样本的次数      
jj=0.00001;  
figure      
alpha = [0.1];%因为差不多是选取每个3倍的学习率来测试，所以直接枚举出来      
plotstyle = {'b-'}; 
theta_grad_descent = zeros(size(x(1,:)));    
theta_old = zeros(size(x,2),1); %theta的初始值赋值为0      
Jtheta = zeros(itera_num, 1);
Jtheta(1) = (1/(2*sample_num)).*(x*theta_old-y)'*(x*theta_old-y);  
grad1 = (1/sample_num).*x'*(x*theta_old-y);
Q=x'*x;
a=(grad1'*grad1)/(grad1'*Q*grad1);
H=inv(Q);
d1=-(H*grad1);
theta_new=theta_old+a*d1;
for i = 2:itera_num %计算出某个学习速率alpha下迭代itera_num次数后的参数             
        Jtheta(i) = (1/(2*sample_num)).*(x*theta_new-y)'*(x*theta_new-y);%Jtheta是个行向量      
        grad_old=(1/sample_num).*x'*(x*theta_old-y);  
        grad_new = (1/sample_num).*x'*(x*theta_new-y); 
        L=grad_new-grad_old;
        s=theta_new-theta_old;
        H=H-(H'*L*L'*H)/(L'*H*L)+(s*s')/(s'*L);
        d=-H*grad_new;
        a=(grad_new'*grad_new)/(grad_new'*Q*grad_new); 
        theta_old=theta_new;
        theta_new = theta_new + a*d; 
 end      
K(1)=Jtheta(500) ;     
    plot(0:99, Jtheta(1:100),'k-','LineWidth', 4);    
    hold on  
theta_old = zeros(size(x,2),1); %theta的初始值赋值为0      
Jtheta = zeros(itera_num, 1);
Jtheta(1) = (1/(2*sample_num)).*(x*theta_old-y)'*(x*theta_old-y);  
grad1 = (1/sample_num).*x'*(x*theta_old-y);
Q=x'*x;
a=(grad1'*grad1)/(grad1'*Q*grad1);
H=inv(Q);
d1=-(H*grad1);
theta_new=theta_old+a*d1;
for i = 2:itera_num %计算出某个学习速率alpha下迭代itera_num次数后的参数             
        Jtheta(i) = (1/(2*sample_num)).*(x*theta_new-y)'*(x*theta_new-y);%Jtheta是个行向量      
        grad_old=(1/sample_num).*x'*(x*theta_old-y);  
        grad_new = (1/sample_num).*x'*(x*theta_new-y); 
        L=grad_new-grad_old;
        s=theta_new-theta_old;
        H=H-(H*L*s'+s*L'*H)/(L'*s)+(1+(L'*H*L)/(s'*L))*(s*s')/(s'*L);
        d=-H*grad_new;
        a=(grad_new'*grad_new)/(grad_new'*Q*grad_new); 
        theta_old=theta_new;
        theta_new = theta_new + a*d; 
 end      
K(1)=Jtheta(500) ;     
    plot(0:99, Jtheta(1:100),'r-','LineWidth', 2);    
    hold on  
%%  
legend('quasi-Newton-DFP','quasi-Newton-BFGS');      
xlabel('Number of iterations')      
ylabel('Cost function')