【StructueEngineering】Bored Pile and Socketed H-Pile

General Notes for Bored Pile and Socketed H-Pile

钻孔桩和嵌岩H型桩的一般说明

1. All reinforced concrete shall comply with the provisions of the

   H.K. Building (Construction) Regulations and Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2013.

   Code of Practice Use of Steel (2011).

   Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads (2011).

   Code of Practice for Foundation (2017).

   所有钢筋混凝土应符合香港建筑（施工）法规和2013年混凝土结构使用规范。钢材使用规范（2011年）。恒载和活载规范（2011年）。基础规范（2017年）。

2. Existing utilities, if necessary, shall be diverted prior to commencement of piling works.
   如有必要，现有的公用设施应在打桩工程开始前改道。

3. All drawings shall be read in conjunction with relevant architectural drawings.
   所有图纸应与相关建筑图纸一并阅读。

4. All dimensions and levels shown on drawings are measured from the structural surfaces.
   图纸上显示的所有尺寸和标高均以结构表面为基准。

5. All dimensions are in millimetres and levels in metres M.P.D.
   所有尺寸均以毫米为单位，标高以米为单位。

   “M.P.D.” stands for “Metres Principal Datum.”

6. For coordinates of site boundary and setting out of building grids refer to architectural drawing. All levels of foundation shown are tentative, they may be adjusted to suit the actual ground conditions.
   有关场地边界的坐标和建筑网格的定位，请参阅建筑图纸。所示的基础标高均为暂定，可能会根据实际地况进行调整。

7. Setting out dimensions shown on the drawings shall be verified on site.
   图纸上显示的定位尺寸应在现场核实。

8. PFA concrete shall be used in all substructure construction where the concrete structural elements bear a least dimension over 75 mm. The PFA content should not exceed 25% of total cementitious content in such concrete to PNAP APP-33.
   在所有地下结构施工中应使用粉煤灰（PFA）混凝土，当混凝土结构构件的最小尺寸超过 75 毫米时。根据 PNAP APP-33，此类混凝土中的粉煤灰含量不应超过总水泥含量的 25%。

   PFA stands for Pulverized/ˈpʌlvəraɪzd/ Fuel Ash, which is also known as fly ash.

   Here are some key points about PFA concrete:

   1. Improved Workability: PFA can make the concrete mix more workable and easier to place.
   2. Enhanced Durability: It can improve the durability of concrete by making it more resistant to chemical attacks and reducing permeability.
   3. Increased Strength: Over time, PFA can contribute to the long-term strength of concrete.
   4. Environmental Benefits: Using PFA in concrete is an environmentally friendly practice as it recycles industrial waste and reduces the need for cement, which in turn lowers CO₂ emissions.

   PNAP APP-33 stands for “Practice Note for Authorized Persons, Registered Structural Engineers and Registered Geotechnical Engineers (PNAP) APP-33.”

   作业备考 for 认可人士、注册结构工程师及注册岩土工程师(PNAP) APP-33

   It is a document issued by the Buildings Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. These practice notes provide guidelines and standards for various aspects of building design and construction, ensuring safety, quality, and compliance遵从 with local regulations.

   PNAP APP-33 specifically addresses the use of pulverized fuel ash (PFA) in concrete. It includes recommendations and requirements for the proportion of PFA that can be used as a replacement for cement in concrete mixes, as well as guidelines for ensuring the structural integrity and durability of the concrete.

9. Structural concrete shall be supplied by a registered supplier under the Quality Scheme for the Production and Supply of Concrete.
   结构混凝土应由注册供应商根据混凝土生产和供应质量计划供应。

10. Concrete mix with a normal slump塌落 less than 150 mm shall not be used unless the contractor can demonstrate that proper compaction can be achieved with a lower slump which shall in no case be less than 50 mm.
    不得使用坍落度小于 150 毫米的混凝土拌合物，除非承包商能证明以较低的坍落度（但不得小于 50 毫米）能实现适当的压实。

11. The reactive alkali (*/ˈælkəlaɪ/*n. 碱；可溶性无机盐) content of concrete expressed as the equivalent sodium(钠) oxide氧化物 per cubic metre of concrete shall not exceed 3.0 kg when determined in accordance with the specification items given in Appendix A of PNAP APP-74. The contractor shall submit the necessary test results to the authorized person/registered structural engineer for approval.
    根据 PNAP APP-74 附录 A 中给出的规范项目确定的混凝土反应碱含量（以每立方米混凝土的等效氧化钠表示）不得超过 3.0 公斤。承包商应将必要的测试结果提交给授权人/注册结构工程师批准。

12. Certificate of origin, chemical composition, and tensile test reports for the steel reinforcement to be used shall be submitted to the registered structural engineer prior to the commencement of works.
    使用的钢筋的原产地证书、化学成分和抗拉试验报告应在工程开始前提交给注册结构工程师。

13. High tensile steel bars (denoted by T) shall be hot rolled deformed bars grade 500B and conform to CS2:2012 and have a guaranteed yield stress of 500 N/mm².
    高强度钢筋（用 T 表示）应为热轧变形钢筋，等级为 500B，符合 CS2:2012，并保证屈服应力为 500 N/mm²。

    CS2:2012 is a standard titled “Steel Reinforcing Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete” issued by the Construction Industry Council of Hong Kong. This standard specifies the requirements for steel reinforcing bars used in concrete construction, including their mechanical properties, chemical composition, testing methods, and quality control measures.

    Here’s an overview of what CS2:2012 typically covers:

    1. Mechanical Properties机械性能: Specifications for yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and bendability of reinforcing bars.
    2. Chemical Composition化学成分: Limits on the chemical elements in the steel to ensure consistency and performance.
    3. Testing Methods测验方法: Procedures for testing the mechanical properties and chemical composition of the reinforcing bars.
    4. Quality Control质量控制: Requirements for manufacturing processes, marking, and documentation to ensure that the reinforcing bars meet the specified standards.

14. Concrete cubes and grout灌浆 cubes shall be made and tested strictly in accordance with the provisions of Clauses条款 58 and 59 of the H.K. Building (Construction) Regulations.
    混凝土试块和灌浆试块的制作和测试应严格按照香港建筑（施工）法规第58和59条的规定进行。

15. Bars to be bent in accordance with BS 8666:2000 unless noted otherwise.
    钢筋应按照BS 8666:2000弯曲，除非另有注明。

16. All lap lengths to be in accordance with COP for Structural Use of Concrete 2013 unless shown otherwise. All laps are based on the smaller bar diameter. The following provisions also apply:
    所有搭接长度应符合2013年混凝土结构使用规范，除非另有注明。所有搭接均基于较小的钢筋直径。以下规定也适用：

• - (a) Where a lap occurs at the top of a section as cast and the minimum cover is less than twice the size of the lapped reinforcement, the lap length should be increased by a factor of 1.4;

• - (a) 当搭接发生在现浇截面的顶部且最小保护层小于搭接钢筋尺寸的两倍时，搭接长度应增加1.4倍；

• - (b) Where a lap occurs at the corner of a section and the minimum cover to either face is less than twice the size of the lapped reinforcement, or where the clear distance between adjacent laps is less than 75 mm or six times the size of the lapped reinforcement, whichever is the greater, the lap length should be increased by a factor of 1.4;

• - (b) 当搭接发生在截面的角落且任一面的最小保护层小于搭接钢筋尺寸的两倍，或相邻搭接间的净距离小于75毫米或搭接钢筋尺寸的六倍（以较大者为准）时，搭接长度应增加1.4倍；

• - © In cases where both conditions (a) and (b) apply, the lap length should be increased by a factor of 2.0.

• - © 如果条件(a)和(b)都适用，则搭接长度应增加2.0倍。

17. Bar marks indicate the type and size of reinforcement, e.g., T20-150.
    钢筋标记表示钢筋的类型和尺寸，例如，T20-150。

    T	20	150
    Type: High Yield Steel Rebar	Bar Diameter	Bar Spacing

    Abbreviations

    Abbreviation	Full Form
    T1	First Layer of Top
    T2	Second Layer of Top
    B1	First Layer of Bottom
    B2	Second Layer of Bottom
    N1	First Layer Near Face
    N2	Second Layer Near Face
    F1	First Layer Far Face
    F2	Second Layer Far Face
    RL	Random Lengths (in excess of 12 metres length, preferably stock supply lengths). Splice positions not defined. Reinforcement cut to suit site requirements with full tension lap/bond length.
    LBL	Bar Label
    LLT	Long Leg Top
    LLB	Long Leg Bottom
    FTL	Full Tension Lap搭接
    FTA	Full Tension Anchorage锚固
    TLL	Tension Lap Length
    UB	U Bar
    NTS	Not to Scale
    UNO	Unless Noted Otherwise 除非另有说明
    EA	Each Face
    SS	Single Stirrup箍筋
    DS	Double Stirrup
    AS	Alternately Staggered 交替排列
    AR	Alternately Reversed 反向排列
    AP	Alternately Paced 节奏的排列？

18. The loads given in the column and wall loading schedule from the superstructure in DRG. No. 1800-1041 to 1800-1049 do not include the weight of pile caps or backfilled uplift force and surcharge over the cap.
    图纸编号1800-1041至1800-1049中的上部结构的柱和墙荷载表中给出的荷载不包括桩帽的重量或回填提升力和桩帽上的附加荷载。

19. Design ground water table to be 3 m above the highest level of water table.
    设计地下水位应高于最高水位3米。

20. Proposed pile cap concrete grade to be Grade 45D/20.
    拟定的桩帽混凝土等级为45D/20。

21. Fixed head design assumption for bored pile.
    钻孔桩的固定头设计假设。

22. Concrete cover to be 75 mm.
    混凝土保护层厚度为75毫米。

23. All pile caps, tie beams, wall and column were shown for reference only.
    所有桩帽、系梁、墙和柱仅供参考。

24. All pile caps, tie beams, wall and column details to be submitted separately.
    所有桩帽、系梁、墙和柱的详细信息应单独提交。

25. The lateral loads due to wind given in the loading schedule shall be taken by the piles.
    荷载表中因风产生的横向荷载应由桩承受。

1. General Notes for Bored Piles

钻孔桩的一般说明

1. Tremie Concrete for Bored Pile
钻孔桩的导管混凝土
Tremie concrete for bored piles shall be designed with mix 45D/20 to comply with CS1:2010
except Section 7.1. A factor of 0.8 for design stresses of concrete shall be applied for tremie concrete.
钻孔桩的导管混凝土应按45D/20配比设计，以符合《CS1:2010》的要求，但第7.1节除外。导管混凝土的设计应采用0.8的混凝土设计应力系数

• Understanding 45D/20?
• CS1:2010?
• 0.8 for Design Stresses of Concrete?

2. Existing Underground Utilities
现有地下管线
Existing underground utilities shall be diverted or verified before the commencement of the piling works.
在开始桩基础工程之前，应对现有的地下管线进行改道或验证。

3. Protection of Adjacent Structures
临近结构的保护
The authorized person/registered structural engineer/contractor shall ensure/find out that all existing adjacent structures/foundation systems, underground services, and other features will not be adversely affected by the foundation work. Sufficient precautionary measures and protection works shall be provided to avoid any damage to the existing adjacent structures, existing foundation systems, underground systems/utilities, and other features, etc. Should any undue settlement不均匀沉降 occur, ground treatment works shall be provided by the contractor at their own expense to the satisfaction of the authorized person/registered structural engineer.
授权人员/注册结构工程师/承包商应确保/查明所有现有的相邻结构/基础系统、地下服务和其他特征不会受到基础工程的不利影响。应提供足够的预防措施和保护措施，以避免对现有的相邻结构、现有基础系统、地下系统/设施和其他特征等造成任何损害。如果发生任何不当沉降，承包商应自费提供地基处理工作，以满足授权人员/注册结构工程师的要求。

4. Stability During Construction
施工期间的稳定性
During construction, the structure shall be maintained in a stable condition and no part shall be overstressed.
在施工期间，结构应保持稳定状态，任何部分不得超载。

5. Inspection of Subsoil
底土的检查
Subsoil underneath all foundations shall be inspected by the engineer before laying of the blinding layer.
在铺设盲层之前，工程师应检查所有基础下的底土。

6. Checking of Reinforcement
钢筋的检查
All reinforcement shall be checked on site by the engineer after fixing and before concreting.
固定后和浇筑前，工程师应在现场检查所有钢筋。

7. Bored Piles Socketed into Rock
钻孔桩嵌入岩石中
All bored piles to be socketed at least 0.3m into and founded on Category 1(c) Grade II or better rock with presumed假定 allowable bearing pressure of 5000 kPa with the total core recovery greater than 85% or better.
所有钻孔桩应至少嵌入0.3米，并建立在1©类II级或更好的岩石上，其假定允许承载压力为5000 kPa，总岩芯回收率大于85％或更好。

The bedrock is defined as at least 5m continuous Grade II or better rock with total core recovery of 85%. UCS > 25 MPa (or PLI > 1. MPa).
基岩定义为至少5米连续II级或更好的岩石，总岩芯回收率为85％。单轴抗压强度 > 25 MPa (或点荷载指数 > 1. MPa)。

UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength)无侧限抗压强度

• Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) is a measure of the compressive strength of a material without any lateral confinement. It is often used in geotechnical engineering to determine the strength of soil, rock, or concrete. The UCS test involves applying axial compressive stress to a cylindrical specimen until failure occurs.

  无侧限抗压强度 (UCS) 是指材料在没有任何侧向约束下的抗压强度。它通常用于岩土工程中确定土壤、岩石或混凝土的强度。UCS测试包括对圆柱形试样施加轴向压应力，直到试样破坏。

PLI (Point Load Index)点载荷指数

• Point Load Index (PLI) is a measure of the strength of a rock or other material based on a point load test. In this test, a material sample is subjected to a concentrated load applied at a specific point until it fractures. The PLI is used to estimate the UCS and other strength parameters of the material

  点载荷指数 (PLI) 是基于点载荷测试的岩石或其他材料强度的度量。在此测试中，材料样品在特定点处受到集中载荷，直到破裂。PLI用于估算材料的UCS和其他强度参数。

8. Spacers for Main Reinforcement
主钢筋的垫块
Spacer for bored pile main reinforcement shall not be less than the maximum of main reinforcement bar diameter, maximum size of aggregate +5mm, or 20mm.
钻孔桩主钢筋的垫块不得小于主钢筋直径、最大骨料尺寸+5毫米或20毫米中的最大值。

9. Water/Cement Ratio
水灰比
Water/cement ratio shall not exceed 0.38.
水灰比不得超过0.38。

10. Bond or Friction Between Rock and Concrete
岩石与混凝土之间的粘结或摩擦

Presumed allowable bond or friction between rock and concrete for piles as per Table 2.2 of Code of Practice for Foundation 2017:
根据2017年《基础施工规范》表2.2，桩与岩石和混凝土之间的假定允许粘结或摩擦：

a) 700 kPa under compression or transient tension for Category 1© or better rock.
a) 对于1©类或更好的岩石，在压缩或瞬时拉力下为700 kPa。

b) 3350 kPa under permanent tension for Category 1© or better rock.
b) 对于1©类或更好的岩石，在永久拉力??下为3350 kPa。

11.Minimum lap length of reinforcement
钢筋的最小搭接长度

Minimum lap length of reinforcement shall be 52 x bar diameter.
钢筋的最小搭接长度应为52 x 钢筋直径。

2. Procedure of Installation of Large Diameter Bored Piles (by Hydraulic Oscillator Rotator)

大直径钻孔桩的安装程序（通过液压振荡器旋转器）

1. Temporary steel casing套 shall be provided for each pile and shall be installed into the ground by hydraulic oscillator. Color print shall be marked on temporary casing at 1 m intervals to indicate the depth of the casing is reached.

   每根桩应配备临时钢套管，并通过液压振荡器将其安装到地下。临时钢套管应每1米间隔标记颜色，以指示钢套管的深度。

2. Excavation inside the temporary casing shall be carried out by hammer grab. Preboring shall be used to overcome obstruction and to form the socket插座，轴孔 for pile. A reversed circulation drill (RCD) using water/bentonite may also be used to improve progress. No chiselling is allowed for construction.

   临时钢套管内的开挖应由抓斗进行。应使用预钻来克服障碍物并形成桩的嵌套。也可以使用反循环钻（RCD）和水/膨润土来提高进度。施工过程中不允许使用凿子。

3. As excavation proceeds, additional sections of temporary casing套；盒 will be added by special joint connections.

   随着开挖的进行，应通过特殊接头连接添加临时钢套管的额外部分。

4. Excavation shall continue until the founding level of the pile is reached.

   开挖应继续进行，直到达到桩的基础水平。

5. Final cleaning by air lifting shall be carried out after completion of excavation and rock socketting in accordance with bellout procedure.

   开挖和岩石嵌套完成后，应根据扩孔程序进行空气提升的最终清洁。

6. The pile shaft shall be concreted under water using tremie concreting method.

   桩轴应使用导管法在水下灌注混凝土。

7. During concreting operation, the temporary casing shall be extracted by oscillator振荡器 and a minimum concrete head of 10m shall be maintained above the base of the steel casing. The positive concrete head will be monitored during the extraction of bottom casing.

   在灌注混凝土操作过程中，应通过振荡器提取临时钢套管，并在钢套管底部保持至少10米的混凝土头。在提取底部钢套管期间，将监控正向混凝土头。

8. Concreting shall be carried out in one operation. The temporary casing and tremie pipe shall be removed upon completion of concreting.

   灌注混凝土应一次完成。灌注完成后，应移除临时钢套管和导管。

9. Heavy-duty vibrator is not allowed for installation of large diameter bored piles.

   不允许使用重型振动器安装大直径钻孔桩。

10. No water flushing medium is allowed for bored pile construction down to the existing groundwater level.

    在钻孔桩施工中，不允许使用水冲洗介质直到现有地下水位。

11. In case boulder/corestone encountered during construction of bored pile, bentonite shall be used as flushing media for RCD drilling works when above existing groundwater level.

    在钻孔桩施工过程中遇到巨石/岩芯时，当在现有地下水位以上时，应使用膨润土作为RCD钻孔作业的冲洗介质。

3. Bellout Procedure

扩底程序

1. The required bellout shall be formed into the bedrock by drilling of reverse circulation drill with mechanical or hydraulic under-reaming head.

   所需的扩孔应通过反循环钻机和机械或液压扩孔头在基岩中形成。

2. Verification of bellout can be determined by measurement of drill string vertical displacement to give actual dimension of mechanically formed bellout.

   扩孔的验证可以通过测量钻杆的垂直位移来确定，以获得机械形成扩孔的实际尺寸。

3. The contractor shall perform the Koden test to verify the actual dimension of mechanically formed bellout.

   承包商应进行Koden测试以验证机械形成扩孔的实际尺寸。

4. Bellout shall be formed with a gradient not exceeding 3° from vertical.

   扩孔应以不超过3°的垂直梯度形成。

4. Notes for Sonic Access Tube Inside Bored Pile

钻孔桩内声测管说明

1. All sonic access tubes to be evenly spaced, placed vertically, and adequately secured against displacement.

   所有声波测试管应均匀间隔，垂直放置，并充分固定以防止位移。

2. The sonic access tubes to be fixed to the reinforcement cage.

   声波测试管应固定在加固笼上。

3. Material for sonic access tube: mild steel tube with internal diameter not less than 50mm, except sonic access tube for interface core test.

   声波测试管材质：内径不小于50mm的低碳钢管，界面核心测试的声波测试管除外。

4. All sonic access tubes must be water-tight and be filled with water and plugged or capped before concreting.

   所有声波测试管必须密封防水，并在灌注混凝土前注满水并堵塞或加盖。

5. All sonic access tubes must be free for access and unblocked down to the bottom of pile (approved founding level) during testing.

   所有声波测试管在测试期间必须畅通无阻，并可通到底部桩（经批准的基础水平）。

6. The tube top shall project approximately 300mm above the pile cap.

   管顶应突出桩帽约300毫米。

5. Predrilling for Founding Bedrock

基岩预钻

1. Predrilling Requirement
   预钻要求
   The predrilling requirement shall be in accordance with PNAP APP-18 for bored pile.
   预钻要求应符合PNAP APP-18的规定。

2. Site Condition Variation
   现场情况变化
   In case of the actual site condition varied with the design assumption, particularly the design rockhead level, the contractor is required to report to the authorized person/registered structural engineer immediately for a decision. The contractor shall pay attention that the founding level of piles may be revised upon the confirmation of the authorized person/registered structural engineer.
   如果现场实际情况与设计假设（特别是设计岩石层面）不符，承包商应立即向授权人员/注册结构工程师报告，以便作出决定。承包商应注意，桩基的基础水平可能会在授权人员/注册结构工程师确认后进行修正。

3. Predrilling and Rock Compaction Test
   预钻和岩石压实试验
   Predrilling of pile shall be carried out by the contractor together with the rock compaction test to justify UCS > 25 MPa (or PLI50 > 1 MPa). The results of the predrilling and rock compaction test shall be submitted to the authorized person/registered structural engineer for record. The predrilling location of piles is subject to the confirmation of the RSE prior to the commencement of works.
   桩的预钻应由承包商进行，并进行岩石压实试验以证明UCS > 25 MPa（或PLI50 > 1 MPa）。预钻和岩石压实试验的结果应提交给授权人员/注册结构工程师备案。桩的预钻位置须在工程开始前经注册结构工程师（RSE）确认。

6. Method Statement of Overcoming Underground Obstruction

克服地下障碍物的方法声明

1. The contractor shall propose a method to effectively remove or penetrate each type of obstructions in method statement for the engineer’s approval prior to the commencement of bored piling works.
   承包商应在工程师批准的施工方案中提出有效去除或穿透每种障碍物的方法，并在钻孔桩施工开始之前获得工程师的批准。

2. All underground obstructions, whenever naturally occurring or otherwise, met during the course of pile excavation, shall be removed or penetrated through by the following means or other methods approved by the engineer.
   所有在桩基挖掘过程中遇到的地下障碍物，无论是自然存在的还是其他情况，都应通过以下方法或其他经工程师批准的方法进行去除或穿透。

(a) If the underground obstruction is found at shallow depth, it shall be excavated away with hand-held machine or backhoe and the cavity left shall be backfilled with suitable compacted materials prior to pitching of the temporary steel casing.
如果在浅层发现地下障碍物，应使用手持设备或反铲挖掘机将其挖出，并在放置临时钢护筒之前用适当的压实材料回填所留下的空洞。

(a) In the event of the underground obstruction is found at depth, reverse circulation drilling method shall be adopted, except otherwise stated.
如果在深处发现地下障碍物，除非另有说明，应采用反循环钻探法。

3. No chiseling is allowed for the removal of underground obstruction.
   不允许使用凿削方法去除地下障碍物。

7. Post Construction Proof Drilling

施工后验证钻孔

1. The post construction proof drilling requirement shall be in accordance with APP-18 and Code of Practice for Foundation 2017.
   竣工后的验证钻孔要求应符合APP-18和《2017年基础工程规范》。

2. After the bored piles are completed, core-drilling shall be carried out at the concrete/rock interface for each pile. The core-drilling should be carried down to at least 1.0m below the interface. A pile of not less than 150mm diameter may be left in at about 1m above the interface for facilitating successful proof-drilling. The hole shall be grouted up with strength not less than the concrete of bored pile.
   钻孔桩完成后，应在每根桩的混凝土/岩石界面处进行岩芯钻探。岩芯钻探应至少深入界面以下1.0米。可以在界面上方约1米处保留直径不小于150毫米的桩，以便顺利进行验证钻孔。钻孔应使用强度不低于钻孔桩混凝土的材料进行灌浆。

8. Notes for Bored Piles Construction

钻孔桩施工说明

1. piles shall be machine bored under water. no dewatering of the pile excavation will be permitted.
   桩孔应在水下机械钻孔。不允许对桩孔进行抽水。

2. the pile excavation shall be supported continuously over its full depth in soil by temporary steel casing or other approved means.
   桩孔开挖应在土层中全深度连续支护，可使用临时钢套管或其他批准的方法。

3. during pile excavation, tolerance for verticality of each bored pile shall be frequently checked as directed by the engineer. the method of checking shall be approved prior to commencement of piling works.
   在桩孔开挖过程中，应按工程师指示频繁检查每个钻孔桩的垂直度公差。检查方法应在打桩工程开始前获得批准。

4. all bored piles to be founded on grade ii or better bedrock with an allowable bearing capacity of 5000 kpa with a total core recovery of more than 85% of the grade and minimum uniaxial compressive strength of rock material (ucs) not less than 25 mpa (equivalent point load index strength pli50 not less than 1 mpa).
   所有钻孔桩应建立在ii级或更好的基岩上，容许承载力为5000 kpa，岩芯采取率大于85%，岩石材料的最小单轴抗压强度（ucs）不小于25 mpa（相当于点荷载指数强度pli50不小于1 mpa）。

5. piling records shall be submitted in accordance with the specification and bd requirements.
   打桩记录应按规范和屋宇署要求提交。

6. the pile shaft diameter is the minimum pile diameter required to be provided over the whole length of the pile shaft, except for the socket.
   桩身直径是桩身全长（除桩底插座外）所需的最小桩径。

7. the bellout diameter is the minimum diameter required to be provided at the bottom of bellout as shown on pile schedule and approved by rse.
   喇叭口直径是根据桩号表所示并经注册结构工程师批准的喇叭底部所需的最小直径。

8. within 14 days after award of contract the contractor shall submit method statement for the satisfaction of the rse: construction of the piles shall include (but not be limited to) details of the followings:
   (a) proposed methods of bored pile excavation in soil and rock.
   (b) proposed details for achieving the specified pile socket and bellout diameter.
   © details of the method by which the concrete will be placed.
   (d) proposed details of the tremie method to be used, including the size of the tremie pipe, methods for ensuring the tremie pipe is kept a sufficient distance below the free surface of the concrete and proposed remedial actions if the pipe lifted clear of the surface of the concrete or if the surface of the concrete falls below the bottom of the pipe.
   (e) proposed details for the placing of the first charge of concrete at the bottom of the pipe to ensure that unsuitable materials do not remain at the toe of the pile, including the details of the plug to be used in the tremie pipe.
   (f) proposed methods of discharge of the concrete into the tremie pipe including the size and details if the hopper to be used. the water/bentonite level in the excavation pile shaft is to be at a maximum before starting to place concrete by tremie, i.e. 2.0 meters maximum from ground level.
   (g) details of the jointing method to be used to splice the reinforcement cages together, site welding of cages will not be permitted.
   (h) details of the survey procedures to be adopted to ensure that the piles are constructed within the specified horizontal and vertical tolerances, pipe shaft & bellout diameter such as by ultra sound method.
   在合同授予后14天内，承包商应提交施工方案，以满足注册结构工程师的要求：桩基施工应包括（但不限于）以下详细信息：
   （a）在土层和岩层中钻孔桩的拟议施工方法。
   （b）实现指定桩底插座和喇叭口直径的拟议细节。
   （c）混凝土浇筑方法的详细信息。
   （d）拟议使用的导管法的详细信息，包括导管的尺寸、确保导管在混凝土自由表面下保持足够距离的方法，以及如果导管提升到混凝土表面以上或混凝土表面下降到导管底部以下时的拟议补救措施。
   （e）在导管底部浇筑第一批混凝土的拟议细节，以确保不合适的材料不会残留在桩基底部，包括在导管中使用的塞子的详细信息。
   （f）将混凝土排入导管的拟议方法，包括要使用的料斗的尺寸和详细信息。在开始使用导管浇筑混凝土之前，挖掘的桩孔中的水/膨润土位应达到最高，即距地面最大2.0米。
   （g）用于将钢筋笼拼接在一起的连接方法的详细信息，现场焊接钢筋笼将不被允许。
   （h）为确保桩基在指定的水平和垂直公差、管身和喇叭口直径范围内施工而采用的测量程序的详细信息，例如超声波方法。

9. after construction of piles, testing in accordance with the particular specification shall be carried out as follows:
   (a) survey report prepared by an independent chartered surveyor including the as-built setting out and cut-off level of piles.
   (b) full length sonic logging of piles (to be selected by the engineer). a copy of the log shall be provided to the rse immediately after testing by the appointed testing subcontractor.
   © interface coring of every pile to verify the works. the coring reservation tube shall extend from 1m above the base of the pile to a depth of 1.0m below the pile base as directed by the rse, via a pipe not less than 150mm diameter.
   桩基施工完成后，应按以下特别规范进行测试：
   （a）由独立特许测量师准备的测量报告，包括桩基的竣工放样和截止高度。
   （b）桩基的全长声测（由工程师选定）。测试后，指定的测试分包商应立即向注册结构工程师提供一份声测记录的副本。
   （c）每根桩的接口取芯以验证工程。根据注册结构工程师的指示，取芯预留管应从桩基底部以上1m延伸至桩基底部以下1.0m深度，管径不小于150mm。

10. upon the completion of piling works, core test for proof tests of piles shall be carried out to verify the works. the exact number of core test shall be determined by the buildings department after the statutory submission of piling record plans.
    打桩工程完成后，应进行桩基验证试验的岩芯测试，以验证工程。岩芯测试的确切数量应在法定提交打桩记录计划后由屋宇署确定。

11. pile shall be installed to within the tolerances stated below: (a) deviation from specified position in plan, measured at cut-off level to be 75mm. (b) deviation from vertical to be 1 in 75.
    桩基应在以下公差范围内安装：（a）在截止高度测量的平面位置偏差应为75mm。（b）垂直度偏差应为1:75。

12. during construction of bored pile below the existing ground water level, the ground water level inside and outside the casing should be maintained the same level.
    在现有地下水位以下施工钻孔桩时，应保持套管内外的地下水位相同。

9. Notes for Site Safety

现场安全说明

1. The contractor is fully responsible for safety on the site and shall adhere to all the requirements of the followings:
   承包商全面负责工地的安全，并应遵守以下所有要求：
2. The contractor is to submit to the engineer for approval a contractor supervision plan within 7 days of award. This plan is to include the following:
   承包商应在中标后7天内向工程师提交承包商监督计划以供批准。该计划应包括以下内容：
   (a) Method statement describing the sequence and method of construction including temporary works.
   说明施工顺序和方法的方案说明，包括临时工程。
   (b) Details of motor construction plant and equipment including cranes and hoists together with nomination of competent operators.
   机动施工设备和设备的详细信息，包括起重机和提升机，以及指定合格操作员。
   © Description of precautionary safety measures for site personnel and for the public.
   为现场人员和公众采取的预防安全措施的说明。
   (d) The structure of the supervision team including nomination of key staff and description of their duties.
   监督团队的结构，包括关键人员的提名和职责说明。
   (e) Safety plan: setting up of a safety committee, a safety review, and nomination of safety officer(s) and a safety auditor.
   安全计划：成立安全委员会、进行安全审查、提名安全员和安全审核员。
   (f) Description of the inspection sequence of each stage of the construction; test reports and submission system to the AP/RSE and to BD.
   施工各阶段的检查顺序说明；向认可人士/注册结构工程师和屋宇署提交测试报告和提交系统。
   (g) Confirmation of each stage of the construction on compliance with the approved plans and the Building Ordinance and Regulations, including a report on any deviation with proposals for remedial action.
   确认施工各阶段符合已批准的图则以及《建筑物条例》和规例，包括报告任何偏差以及补救行动的建议。

10. Heavy Rainfall Precautions

大雨预防措施

1. Surface water flowing into the site from uphill shall be intercepted and conducted from the site to an indicated safe discharge point. At each intersection and abrupt change in direction of surface drainage channels, an accessible catchpit shall be provided. All drainage works shall be kept clear of debris.
   从上坡流入工地的地表水应被拦截并从工地引导到指定的安全排放点。在地表排水沟的每个交叉点和方向突变处，应设置一个可进入的集水井。所有排水工程应保持清洁，没有杂物。
2. Where partially completed drainage works discharge within the site, a temporary conduit shall be provided to the discharge point.
   在工地内部分完成的排水工程排放的地方，应提供一个临时管道到排放点。
3. All earthworks shall always be graded and sealed to insure run-off and to avoid ponding.
   所有土方工程应始终进行分级和密封，以确保径流并避免积水。
4. A method of working shall be adopted in which the minimum of bare soil is exposed at any time. Earthwork to form the final face shall be followed up immediately with surface protection and drainage works, and the face panel size shall be small enough to permit this.
   应采用一种工作方法，在任何时候都将裸露的土壤面积降到最低。形成最终面的土方工程应立即进行表面保护和排水工程，并且面板尺寸应足够小以允许这样做。
5. Where temporary bare earth slope faces are unavoidable, they shall be protected with suitable sheeting well-secured against the wind. Where slope faces are to be temporarily exposed for more than two weeks, temporary hard surfacing shall be provided and temporary drains shall be installed.
   在无法避免临时裸土斜坡面的情况下，应使用适当的覆盖材料对其进行保护，以防风吹动。如果斜坡面需要临时暴露超过两周，应提供临时硬化表面并安装临时排水沟。
6. If trenches on or adjacent to slopes have to be excavated during the wet season, it shall be done with extreme care in short sections at a time. Precautions shall always be taken to prevent water from entering and collecting in the trench.
   如果在雨季需要在斜坡上或附近开挖沟槽，应非常小心地分段进行。应始终采取预防措施，以防止水进入并在沟槽中积聚。

11. As-Built Record Submission

竣工记录提交

An assessment report with a rockhead contour plan based on the ground investigation, the pre-drilling and the post-installation drilling, together with the piling record plan and reports shall be submitted with the certificate on completion of piling works (BA14) in accordance with PNAP APP-18.
根据地面勘察、预钻孔和安装后钻孔的结果，提交一份包含岩头等高线图的评估报告，连同打桩记录计划和报告，应按照PNAP APP-18的要求与打桩工程完工证书（BA14）一并提交。

12. Method Statement of Remedial Works for Thin Layers of Sediment (Segregation) at the Concrete/Rock Interface

混凝土/岩石界面薄层沉积物（分离）的补救工作方法声明

1. The contractor shall submit detailed method statement for the remedial works to the engineer for his acceptance prior to carrying out the remedial works. All relevant records shall be kept on site for inspection.
   在进行修补工程之前，承包商应向工程师提交详细的修补工程方案说明，以供其接受。所有相关记录应保存在现场供检查。
2. Full details of remedial grouting works including identification of the piles for grouting, nature and thickness of the sediment/segregation discovered, effectiveness of flushing and grouting works, grouting records and grout cube test reports shall be incorporated in the piling reports to be submitted to the engineer upon completion of the piling works.
   修补灌浆工程的全部细节，包括需要灌浆的桩的识别、发现的沉积物/离析的性质和厚度、冲洗和灌浆工程的有效性、灌浆记录和灌浆块体测试报告，应包含在打桩工程完成后提交给工程师的打桩报告中。
3. Should any sediment or segregation of not more than 50mm thick be found at the concrete/rock interface of the bored piles, remedial works by means of pressure grouting is to be used.
   如果在钻孔桩的混凝土/岩石交界面发现厚度不超过50mm的沉积物或离析，应采用压力灌浆的方式进行修补。
4. At least three 100mm diameter or other suitable size grout hole shall be sunk to the interface of the defective area.
   至少应在缺陷区域的交界面上钻三个100mm直径或其他合适尺寸的灌浆孔。
5. The sediment or defective concrete shall be cleaned by high pressure water jetting with minimum jet pressure of 200 bars prior to pressure grouting.
   在压力灌浆之前，应使用最小喷射压力为200巴的高压水射流清洗沉积物或缺陷混凝土。
6. The grout shall be non-shrinkage cement grout. The crushing strength of the grout shall be at least the same as the specified concrete strength of the bored pile.
   灌浆材料应为无收缩水泥浆。灌浆的抗压强度应至少与钻孔桩的规定混凝土强度相同。
7. The grout pressure shall not be less than 20 bars and shall be maintained for at least 5 minutes until no significant grout intake is noted.
   灌浆压力不应低于20巴，并应维持至少5分钟，直至没有明显的灌浆吸收为止。
8. If the sediment and segregation found at the pile base exceeds the amount stated in item 3 above or other types of anomalies are observed, the contractor shall submit an assessment report together with appropriate remedial proposals to the engineer for consideration/approval prior to carrying out any remedial works.
   如果桩底发现的沉积物和离析超过上述第3项中规定的量或观察到其他类型的异常情况，承包商应在进行任何修补工程之前，向工程师提交一份评估报告以及适当的修补建议，供其考虑/批准。

13. Note for Site Supervision

现场监督说明

1. The site supervision of the foundation works by a team of supervisors shall be provided each by a ARSE and RSC in accordance with the Technical Memorandum for Supervision Plans 2009 and the Code of Practice for Site Supervision 2009 to ensure that the quality of the foundation works is up to standard and that the works are carried out in accordance with the plans approved and in such a manner as not to render inadequate the margin of safety of, or impair the stability of, or cause danger to any building, structure, land, street or services. Details of site supervision for the foundation works shall be included in the supervision plan and submitted prior to or at the time of application for consent to the commencement of foundation works.
   根据2009年《监督计划技术备忘录》和2009年《工地监督作业守则》，地基工程的现场监督应由认可人士和注册专业人士各自提供一个监督团队，以确保地基工程的质量符合标准，并按照批准的计划进行，不会以任何方式降低任何建筑物、结构、土地、街道或服务设施的安全裕度，或损害其稳定性，或造成危险。地基工程的现场监督细节应包含在监督计划中，并在申请开始地基工程的同意时或之前提交。

14. Note for Major Construction Sequence for the Development

建设主要施工顺序说明

1. Temporary DSD drainage diversion works within subjected site to be carried out prior to the affected portion of the piling works (bored pile and socketed steel H-pile) in Zone A, Zone B and Zone E (under separate submission).
   在A区、B区和E区受影响的打桩工程（钻孔桩和嵌岩钢H桩）部分开始之前，应在工地内进行临时渠务署排水改道工程（单独提交）。
2. WSD water main diversion works to be carried out prior to the affected portion of the piling works (bored pile) in Zone E (under separate submission).
   在A区和B区开始打桩工程（钻孔桩）之前，应对斜坡11NW-D/FR38进行预防性处理工程（单独提交）。
3. Precautionary treatment works shall be carried out to the Slope 11NW-D/FR38 prior to commencement of piling works (bored pile) in Zone A and Zone B (under separate submission).
   在E区受影响的打桩工程（钻孔桩）部分开始之前，应进行水务署水管改道工程（单独提交）。
4. Apply consent to carry out the piling works in different zones separately according to the approval plan.
   根据批准的计划，申请同意分别在不同区域进行打桩工程。
5. Carry out piling works according to the approval plan.
   根据批准的计划进行打桩工程。
6. Carry out the partial stages of ELS according to the approval plan (under separate submission).
   根据批准的计划进行挡土墙的部分阶段工程（单独提交）。
7. CLP 400kV cable diversion works to be carried out prior to bulk excavation (under separate submission).
   在大规模挖掘之前，应进行中电400kV电缆改道工程（单独提交）。
8. Carry out the remaining stages of ELS according to the approval plan (under separate submission).
   根据批准的计划进行挡土墙的剩余阶段工程（单独提交）。
9. Carry out construction of pile cap works according to approval plan (under separate submission).
   根据批准的计划进行桩帽施工（单独提交）。

15. Effect to nearby slope features:

对附近坡度特征的影响:

1. Slope stability of feature no. 11NW-D/FR38 will be reviewed and upgrading works will be provided if necessary under permanent site formation proposal to be submitted separately.
   斜坡特征编号11NW-D/FR38的稳定性将被审查，如果需要，将在单独提交的永久场地平整方案中提供升级工程。

16. General Notes on Monitoring Works

监测工作的一般说明

1. The monitoring system comprises instrumentation within, including settlement checkpoints, building movement checkpoints, standpipes/piezometers and monitoring on adjacent buildings, structures, utilities and slope features as shown on drawing.
   在开始任何建筑工程之前，承包商应安装或修复监测系统。在合同期内，所有损坏仪器的修复费用应由承包商自己承担。
2. Prior to commencement of any construction works, the contractor shall install or reinstate the monitoring system. Reinstatement of all damaged instruments during the contract period shall be at the contractor’s own cost.
   监测系统包括内部仪器，包括沉降检查点、建筑物移动检查点、立管/压力计和对图纸所示相邻建筑物、结构、公用设施和斜坡特征的监测。
3. The contractor shall carry out conditional survey of any structures, buildings and slope features before and after any construction works.
   承包商应在任何建筑工程前后对任何结构、建筑物和斜坡特征进行条件调查。
4. The contractor shall exercise stringent precautionary measures to minimise settlement of the existing utilities and disturbance to underground structures.
   承包商应采取严格的预防措施，以尽量减少现有公用设施的沉降和对地下结构的干扰。
5. The contractor shall dig hand-excavated inspection pits in the presence of underground services or drains. The dimension of the pit shall be not less than 1.0 square meter in plan and not more than 3.0m in depth.
   承包商应在地下服务或排水管道存在的情况下挖掘人工检查坑。坑的尺寸平面不应小于1.0平方米，深度不应超过3.0米。
6. Additional monitoring point may be installed as instructed by the AP/RSE/RGE if necessary.
   如有必要，可根据认可人士/注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师的指示安装额外的监测点。
7. The frequency of monitoring shall be carried out daily. The contractor shall increase the frequency of monitoring as instructed by AP/RSE/RGE.
   监测频率应每天进行。承包商应根据认可人士/注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师的指示增加监测频率。
8. During construction, checks should be made to see whether it is causing any settlement to surrounding pavement and adjacent buildings daily or as frequent as site condition demands and all findings should be reported to RSE for consideration.
   在施工期间，应每天或根据现场情况要求的频率检查是否对周围路面和相邻建筑物造成任何沉降，并将所有发现报告给注册结构工程师供考虑。
9. The contractor shall take initial readings of all the monitoring installations and submit to the AP/RSE/RGE prior to commencement of works.
   承包商应在开工前对所有监测装置进行初始读数，并提交给认可人士/注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师。
10. Monitoring shall commence soon after the instruments have been installed and prior to the commencement of work.
    监测应在仪器安装后和工程开始前尽快开始。
11. A copy of all the monitoring records shall be kept on site at all times for inspection.
    所有监测记录的副本应随时保存在现场供检查。
12. Locations of all monitoring instruments shall be agreed by the AP/RSE/RGE prior to the commencement of installation.
    所有监测仪器的位置应在安装开始前由认可人士/注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师商定。
13. Duplicate copies of monitoring record shall be submitted to the AP/RSE/RGE weekly and submitted to BD by monthly.
    监测记录的副本应每周提交给认可人士/注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师，并每月提交给屋宇署。
14. All instruments shall be maintained in a functional state and any damage shall be reinstated by the contractor at his own responsibility.
    所有仪器应保持在功能状态，任何损坏应由承包商自行负责修复。
15. For all monitoring checkpoints outside the site boundary, permission and consent from relevant lot owners should be obtained prior to the commencement of works.
    对于所有场地边界外的监测检查点，应在工程开始前获得相关地段业主的许可和同意。
16. The TCP T5 site supervision personnel under RGE’s stream shall submit monthly reports of her/his/their findings and recommendations to the RGE. The RGE shall formally submit these reports to the BD and provide a copy to the GEO at monthly intervals or more frequently as necessary.
    在注册岩土工程师的流程下，TCP T5现场监督人员应每月向注册岩土工程师提交他们的调查结果和建议报告。注册岩土工程师应正式将这些报告提交给屋宇署，并在每月或必要时更频繁地向土力工程处提供副本。
17. Typical contents of the regular reports submitted/prepared by the TCP T5 site supervision personnel and the DSS should include the following: (1) Progress of the works; (2) Results of monitoring during construction; (3) Site observations; (4) Inspection records; (5) Design review.
    TCP T5现场监督人员和指定现场监督人员提交/准备的定期报告的典型内容应包括以下内容：（1）工程进度；（2）施工期间的监测结果；（3）现场观察；（4）检查记录；（5）设计审查。
18. The contractor shall be responsible for repairing any damages to adjacent structures, utilities, roads, pavement and the like arising directly from the construction works.
    承包商应负责修复由建筑工程直接引起的对相邻结构、公用设施、道路、路面等的任何损坏。

17.Notes on reaching the trigger levels:

达到触发水平的注意事项：

1. Instrument readings shall be monitored against alert, alarm and action trigger levels as defined individually for particular instruments in the table below.
   仪器读数应根据下表中为特定仪器单独定义的预警、警报和行动触发水平进行监测。

   Action/alarm/alert levels for monitoring instruments:
   监测仪器的行动/警报/预警水平：

   INSTRUMENT	ALERT LEVEL	ALARM LEVEL	ACTION LEVEL
   TILING CHECK POINT IN STRUCTURES/BUILDINGS /SLOPES/UTILTIES (BM##-7)	1:1667 IN ANY PLANE OF STRUCTURES	1:750 IN ANY PLANE OF STRUCTURES	1:500 IN ANY PLANE OF STRUCTURES
   TOTAL SETTLEMENT IN STRUCTURES/BUILDINGS /SLOPES/UTILTIES (DSM1-8) (BSM1-7) (GSM1-10,14-16,19-23)	7.5mm	12.5mm	25mm
   (GSM17-18,11-13,24-25)	10mm	16mm	20mm
   GROUNDWATER DRAWDOWN (GW1-5)	500mm	800mm	1000mm
   VIBRATION CHECK POINT (VM1-12)	1 mm/s	2mm/s	3 mm/s

2. If an alert level is reached, the contractor shall:
   (i) Notify and submit written report to RSE/RGE;
   (ii) RSE/RGE to assess effect of movements and predict future movements;
   (iii) RSE/RGE to agree with RC on the suitable action plan which may include the installation of additional check points and/or increasing monitoring frequency, and remedial/mitigating measures to be taken upon reaching the “alarm level”.
   如果达到预警水平，承包商应：
   （i）通知并向注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师提交书面报告；
   （ii）注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师评估移动的影响并预测未来的移动；
   （iii）注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师与注册承包商就适当的行动计划达成一致，其中可能包括安装额外的检查点和/或增加监测频率，以及在达到"警报水平"时采取的补救/缓解措施。

3. If an alarm level is reached, the contractor shall:
   (i) Notify RSE/RGE/AP immediately;
   (ii) Meet the RSE/RGE/AP to discuss the instrument response and review the effectiveness of the trigger level actions;
   (iii) Implement necessary remedial/mitigation measures in accordance with agreed action plan;
   (iv) Undertake additional measures in the affected area to avoid reaching the action levels;
   (v) Within 7 days, submit an updated report to review this instrument responses, including differential deformations, assess the effects on monitored elements in the light of the relevant construction activities and predict further responses and their effects, based on the data trend to date.
   如果达到警报水平，承包商应：
   （i）立即通知注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师/认可人士；
   （ii）与注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师/认可人士会面，讨论仪器响应并审查触发水平行动的有效性；（iii）根据商定的行动计划实施必要的补救/缓解措施；
   （iv）在受影响区域采取额外措施，避免达到行动水平；
   （v）在7天内提交更新报告，审查该仪器响应，包括差异变形，根据迄今为止的数据趋势评估相关施工活动对受监测元件的影响，并预测进一步的响应及其影响。

4. If an action value is reached or two consecutive movement readings exceed 5mm, the contractor shall:
   (i) Suspend all works within 50m of the instruments;
   (ii) Notify RSE/RGE/AP and building authority immediately;
   (iii) Undertake a joint inspection of the works with RSE;
   (iv) Implement emergency trigger actions based on the emergency plan or trigger actions reviewed with the agreement of RSE/RGE/AP and building authority. The emergency trigger actions shall include remedial measures to diminish the deformation and ground response;
   (v) Submit an incident report to the RSE/RGE/AP and building authority detailing the history of movement and remedial/emergency measures implemented;
   (vi) The suspended construction activities shall not be resumed until the necessary remedial/emergency measures are completed to the satisfaction of building authority.
   如果达到行动值或连续两次移动读数超过5mm，承包商应：
   （i）暂停仪器50m范围内的所有工程；
   （ii）立即通知注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师/认可人士和建筑监管部门；
   （iii）与注册结构工程师一起对工程进行联合检查；
   （iv）根据应急计划或经注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师/认可人士和建筑监管部门同意审查的触发行动实施应急触发行动。应急触发行动应包括减少变形和地面反应的补救措施；
   （v）向注册结构工程师/注册岩土工程师/认可人士和建筑监管部门提交事故报告，详细说明移动历史和实施的补救/应急措施；
   （vi）暂停的建筑活动在必要的补救/应急措施完成并令建筑监管部门满意之前不得恢复。

5. If any undue settlement or signs of distress occur, suspend all works.
   如果发生任何不当沉降或遇险迹象，暂停所有工程。

18.Details Picture