调试经验——虚拟机中gcc初体验

从今天开始，进入到《计算机原理》实验课环节。

环境准备，参考下文：

下载地址 密码：564r

请先下载《实验环境下载及安装说明》文档，根据说明文档来下载及安装对应的文件。

下载地址1文件列表:

实验环境下载及安装说明.pdf（请优先下载阅读）。

for vmware 10.zip：为vmware workstations 10配套的虚拟机环境。

for vmware 12.zip：为vmware workstations 12配套的虚拟机环境。

gcc_handbook.pdf：gcc指导手册。

PS.若已经使用的就是类UNIX操作系统，例如：Ubuntu 或者 Mac 可以跳过这里的安装过程。当然也可以使用 wmware 安装 Ubuntu 虚拟机也是可以的，都可以在网上找到很多安装教程，自己实践一下，遇到问题总是好的。

 

运行过程：

Microsoft Windows XP [版本 5.1.2600]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.

C:\>gcc --help
Usage: gcc [options] file...
Options:
  -pass-exit-codes         Exit with highest error code from a phase
  --help                   Display this information
  --target-help            Display target specific command line options
  (Use '-v --help' to display command line options of sub-processes)
  -dumpspecs               Display all of the built in spec strings
  -dumpversion             Display the version of the compiler
  -dumpmachine             Display the compiler's target processor
  -print-search-dirs       Display the directories in the compiler's search path
  -print-libgcc-file-name  Display the name of the compiler's companion library
  -print-file-name=<lib>   Display the full path to library <lib>
  -print-prog-name=<prog>  Display the full path to compiler component <prog>
  -print-multi-directory   Display the root directory for versions of libgcc
  -print-multi-lib         Display the mapping between command line options and
                           multiple library search directories
  -print-multi-os-directory Display the relative path to OS libraries
  -Wa,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the assembler
  -Wp,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the preprocessor
  -Wl,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the linker
  -Xassembler <arg>        Pass <arg> on to the assembler
  -Xpreprocessor <arg>     Pass <arg> on to the preprocessor
  -Xlinker <arg>           Pass <arg> on to the linker
  -save-temps              Do not delete intermediate files
  -pipe                    Use pipes rather than intermediate files
  -time                    Time the execution of each subprocess
  -specs=<file>            Override built-in specs with the contents of <file>
  -std=<standard>          Assume that the input sources are for <standard>
  -B <directory>           Add <directory> to the compiler's search paths
  -b <machine>             Run gcc for target <machine>, if installed
  -V <version>             Run gcc version number <version>, if installed
  -v                       Display the programs invoked by the compiler
  -###                     Like -v but options quoted and commands not executed
  -E                       Preprocess only; do not compile, assemble or link
  -S                       Compile only; do not assemble or link
  -c                       Compile and assemble, but do not link
  -o <file>                Place the output into <file>
  -x <language>            Specify the language of the following input files
                           Permissible languages include: c c++ assembler none
                           'none' means revert to the default behavior of
                           guessing the language based on the file's extension

Options starting with -g, -f, -m, -O, -W, or --param are automatically
 passed on to the various sub-processes invoked by gcc.  In order to pass
 other options on to these processes the -W<letter> options must be used.

For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<URL:http://www.mingw.org/bugs.shtml>.

C:\>cd helloworld
C:\helloworld>gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i
C:\helloworld>gcc -S hello.i
C:\helloworld>gcc -c hello.s

C:\helloworld>dir
 驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 34AB-7561

 C:\helloworld 的目录

2021-04-29  00:48    <DIR>          .
2021-04-29  00:48    <DIR>          ..
2016-01-29  11:59             6,173 hello-mips.exe
2016-01-29  11:58               878 hello-mips.s
2016-01-29  12:00             9,243 hello-mips.txt
2015-11-10  08:34                85 hello.c
2015-12-02  20:11            15,883 hello.exe
2021-04-29  00:44            16,855 hello.i
2021-04-29  00:48               574 hello.o
2021-04-29  00:47               486 hello.s
2015-12-11  11:07            39,589 hello.txt
               9 个文件         89,766 字节
               2 个目录 37,631,598,592 可用字节

C:\helloworld>gcc hello.o -o hello.exe

C:\helloworld>hello
Hello world!

运行截图：