调试经验——Ubuntu中安装gcc

本来以为Ubuntu中默认安装了gcc，结果提示：

pandeng@pandeng-virtual-machine:~$ gcc --help
Command 'gcc' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install gcc
 

好吧，那就安装一个。

pandeng@pandeng-virtual-machine:~$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu dpkg-dev fakeroot g++
  g++-10 gcc gcc-10 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl
  libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libatomic1 libbinutils libc-dev-bin
  libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libfakeroot libgcc-10-dev
  libitm1 liblsan0 libnsl-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-10-dev libtirpc-dev
  libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev rpcsvc-proto
Suggested packages:
  binutils-doc debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-10-multilib gcc-10-doc
  gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gcc-doc gcc-10-multilib
  gcc-10-locales glibc-doc libstdc++-10-doc make-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev
  fakeroot g++ g++-10 gcc gcc-10 libalgorithm-diff-perl
  libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libatomic1
  libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0
  libfakeroot libgcc-10-dev libitm1 liblsan0 libnsl-dev libquadmath0
  libstdc++-10-dev libtirpc-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev make
  manpages-dev rpcsvc-proto
0 upgraded, 35 newly installed, 0 to remove and 227 not upgraded.
Need to get 40.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 172 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 binutils-common amd64 2.35.1-1ubuntu1 [212 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libbinutils amd64 2.35.1-1ubuntu1 [481 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libctf-nobfd0 amd64 2.35.1-1ubuntu1 [48.1 kB]
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Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.35.1-1ubuntu1 [1,645 kB]
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E: Failed to fetch http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glibc/libc6-dev_2.32-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb  Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.91.38 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-10/libasan6_10.2.0-13ubuntu1_amd64.deb  Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.91.38 80]
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
pandeng@pandeng-virtual-machine:~$ gcc -version
Command 'gcc' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install gcc

出错了，解决方法：

1. 首先备份源列表:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
2. 而后用gedit或其他编辑器打开:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

3. ##添加阿里源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4. 最后执行如下命令更新源
##更新

sudo apt-get update

5. 重新运行命令：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40423358/article/details/108586367

andeng@pandeng-virtual-machine:~$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu dpkg-dev fakeroot g++
  g++-10 gcc gcc-10 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl
  libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libatomic1 libbinutils libc-dev-bin
  libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libfakeroot libgcc-10-dev
  libitm1 liblsan0 libnsl-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-10-dev libtirpc-dev
  libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev rpcsvc-proto
Suggested packages:
  binutils-doc debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-10-multilib gcc-10-doc
  gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gcc-doc gcc-10-multilib
  gcc-10-locales glibc-doc libstdc++-10-doc make-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev
  fakeroot g++ g++-10 gcc gcc-10 libalgorithm-diff-perl
  libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libatomic1
  libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0
  libfakeroot libgcc-10-dev libitm1 liblsan0 libnsl-dev libquadmath0
  libstdc++-10-dev libtirpc-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev make
  manpages-dev rpcsvc-proto
0 upgraded, 35 newly installed, 0 to remove and 227 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,130 kB/40.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 172 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/g++ to provide /usr/bin/c++ (c++) in auto mode
Setting up build-essential (12.8ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.3-2) ...
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pandeng@pandeng-virtual-machine:~$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 10.2.0-13ubuntu1) 10.2.0
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

成功！