花了1小时完成了一个小练习,不容易啊!
主要知识点:
1. While循环中使用sentinel(循环退出判断条件)实现indefinite loop(不定循环)。
说简单点,就是只要用户愿意,可以无限次输入;不愿意,可以输入一个约定好的值随时退出循环。
2. 用户退出时机分为两种:
a. 退出时未输入至少一组有效数据
b. 退出时已输入至少一组有效数据
a情况由while循环之前的代码对应,b情况则在while循环内部处理。a类似于初始化代码。
代码如下:
//Java how to program, 10th edition, Exercise 4.17
//by Pandenghuang@163.com
/**
*问题陈述:
*(Gas Mileage) Drivers are concerned with the mileage their automobiles get. One driver has
*kept track of several trips by recording the miles driven and gallons used for each tankful. Develop
*a Java application that will input the miles driven and gallons used (both as integers) for each trip.
*The program should calculate and display the miles per gallon obtained for each trip and print the
*combined miles per gallon obtained for all trips up to this point. All averaging calculations should
*produce floating-point results. Use class Scanner and sentinel-controlled repetition to obtain the
*data from the user.
*/
import java.util.*;
public class GasMileage
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
int miles=0;
int gallons=0;
int milesTotal=0;
int gallonsTotal=0;
int inputTimes=1;
int validInputTimes=0;
System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
miles=input.nextInt();
if (miles==-1)
{
System.out.println("您没有输入足够的有效数据。");
return;
}
System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
milesTotal+=miles;
System.out.print("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
gallons=input.nextInt();
if (gallons==-1)
{
System.out.println("您没有输入足够的有效数据。");
return;
}
System.out.println("本次油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
gallonsTotal+=gallons;
System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
++inputTimes;
++validInputTimes;
while (miles!=-1 && gallons!=-1)
{
System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
miles=input.nextInt();
if (miles!=-1)
{
System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
System.out.println("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
gallons=input.nextInt();
if (gallons!=-1)
{
System.out.println("本次行程油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
milesTotal+=miles;
gallonsTotal+=gallons;
++inputTimes;
++validInputTimes;
System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
}
else
{
System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
break;
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
break;
}
}
System.out.print("\n*******************************************************************\n");
System.out.printf("您总共输入了%d组有效数据\n",validInputTimes);
System.out.printf("您的行驶总里程为:%d 公里,总油耗为:%d 加仑\n",milesTotal,gallonsTotal);
System.out.printf("平均每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n",(double)milesTotal/gallonsTotal);
System.out.print("*******************************************************************\n\n\n");
}
}
运行截屏: