Keil中配置GCC编译器开发STM32

一、下载编译链：
https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads
在此我下载的是：gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10-win32.zip

二、安装GCC编译链
直接解压到D盘：

三、配置Keil工程选项：
1、选择使用GCC进行编译

2、配置编译选项
1）配置CC的编译规则

2）Assembler规则

3）Linker选项

四、STM32F103RCTX_FLASH.ld文件(基于STM32F103RCTX系列，其他系列只需要简单修改即可)

/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM);	/* end of "RAM" Ram type memory */

_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200 ;	/* required amount of heap  */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400 ;	/* required amount of stack */

/* Memories definition */
MEMORY
{
  RAM    (xrw)    : ORIGIN = 0x20000000,   LENGTH = 48K
  FLASH    (rx)    : ORIGIN = 0x08000000,   LENGTH = 256K
}
/* Sections */
SECTIONS
{
  /* The startup code into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
  .isr_vector :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

  /* The program code and other data into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
  .text :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */
    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */
    *(.glue_7)         /* glue arm to thumb code */
    *(.glue_7t)        /* glue thumb to arm code */
    *(.eh_frame)

    KEEP (*(.init))
    KEEP (*(.fini))

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _etext = .;        /* define a global symbols at end of code */
  } >FLASH

  /* Constant data into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
  .rodata :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

  .ARM.extab   : { 
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH
  
  .ARM : {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    __exidx_start = .;
    *(.ARM.exidx*)
    __exidx_end = .;
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

  .preinit_array     :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH
  
  .init_array :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.init_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH
  
  .fini_array :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

  /* Used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);

  /* Initialized data sections into "RAM" Ram type memory */
  .data : 
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _sdata = .;        /* create a global symbol at data start */
    *(.data)           /* .data sections */
    *(.data*)          /* .data* sections */

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _edata = .;        /* define a global symbol at data end */
    
  } >RAM AT> FLASH

  /* Uninitialized data section into "RAM" Ram type memory */
  . = ALIGN(4);
  .bss :
  {
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
    _sbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */
    __bss_start__ = _sbss;
    *(.bss)
    *(.bss*)
    *(COMMON)

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _ebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */
    __bss_end__ = _ebss;
  } >RAM

  /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough "RAM" Ram  type memory left */
  ._user_heap_stack :
  {
    . = ALIGN(8);
    PROVIDE ( end = . );
    PROVIDE ( _end = . );
    . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
    . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
    . = ALIGN(8);
  } >RAM

  /* Remove information from the compiler libraries */
  /DISCARD/ :
  {
    libc.a ( * )
    libm.a ( * )
    libgcc.a ( * )
  }

  .ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}

五、启动(代码)文件修改

六、编译运行

1、strexb/strexh错误

解决方法：需要修改core_cm3.c文件里面的内容

/**
 * @brief  STR Exclusive (8 bit)
 *
 * @param  value  value to store
 * @param  *addr  address pointer
 * @return        successful / failed
 *
 * Exclusive STR command for 8 bit values
 */
uint32_t __STREXB(uint8_t value, uint8_t *addr)
{
   uint32_t result=0;
  
//   __ASM volatile ("strexb %0, %2, [%1]" : "=r" (result) : "r" (addr), "r" (value) );
	__ASM volatile ("strexb %0, %2, [%1]" : "=&r" (result) : "r" (addr), "r" (value) );
   return(result);
}

/**
 * @brief  STR Exclusive (16 bit)
 *
 * @param  value  value to store
 * @param  *addr  address pointer
 * @return        successful / failed
 *
 * Exclusive STR command for 16 bit values
 */
uint32_t __STREXH(uint16_t value, uint16_t *addr)
{
   uint32_t result=0;
  
//   __ASM volatile ("strexh %0, %2, [%1]" : "=r" (result) : "r" (addr), "r" (value) );
   __ASM volatile ("strexh %0, %2, [%1]" : "=&r" (result) : "r" (addr), "r" (value) );
   return(result);
}

3、sbrkr.c:(.text._sbrk_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_sbrk’ 错误
这是因为工程使用了sprintf/printf等C库函数，没有导入标准的C库函数导致的
需要导入syscall.c文件

Syscall.c文件内容：

/**
*****************************************************************************
**
**  File        : syscalls.c
**
**  Abstract    : System Workbench Minimal System calls file
**
** 		          For more information about which c-functions
**                need which of these lowlevel functions
**                please consult the Newlib libc-manual
**
**  Environment : System Workbench for MCU
**
**  Distribution: The file is distributed “as is,” without any warranty
**                of any kind.
**
**  (c)Copyright System Workbench for MCU.
**  You may use this file as-is or modify it according to the needs of your
**  project. Distribution of this file (unmodified or modified) is not
**  permitted. System Workbench for MCU permit registered System Workbench(R) users the
**  rights to distribute the assembled, compiled & linked contents of this
**  file as part of an application binary file, provided that it is built
**  using the System Workbench for MCU toolchain.
**
*****************************************************************************
*/

/* Includes */
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/times.h>


/* Variables */
//#undef errno
extern int errno;
extern int __io_putchar(int ch) __attribute__((weak));
extern int __io_getchar(void) __attribute__((weak));

register char * stack_ptr asm("sp");

char *__env[1] = { 0 };
char **environ = __env;


/* Functions */
void initialise_monitor_handles()
{
}

int _getpid(void)
{
	return 1;
}

int _kill(int pid, int sig)
{
	errno = EINVAL;
	return -1;
}

void _exit (int status)
{
	_kill(status, -1);
	while (1) {}		/* Make sure we hang here */
}

int _read (int file, char *ptr, int len)
{
	int DataIdx;

	for (DataIdx = 0; DataIdx < len; DataIdx++)
	{
		*ptr++ = __io_getchar();
	}

return len;
}

int _write(int file, char *ptr, int len)
{
	int DataIdx;

	for (DataIdx = 0; DataIdx < len; DataIdx++)
	{
		__io_putchar(*ptr++);
	}
	return len;
}

caddr_t _sbrk(int incr)
{
	extern char end asm("end");
	static char *heap_end;
	char *prev_heap_end;

	if (heap_end == 0)
		heap_end = &end;

	prev_heap_end = heap_end;
	if (heap_end + incr > stack_ptr)
	{
//		write(1, "Heap and stack collision\n", 25);
//		abort();
		errno = ENOMEM;
		return (caddr_t) -1;
	}

	heap_end += incr;

	return (caddr_t) prev_heap_end;
}

int _close(int file)
{
	return -1;
}


int _fstat(int file, struct stat *st)
{
	st->st_mode = S_IFCHR;
	return 0;
}

int _isatty(int file)
{
	return 1;
}

int _lseek(int file, int ptr, int dir)
{
	return 0;
}

int _open(char *path, int flags, ...)
{
	/* Pretend like we always fail */
	return -1;
}

int _wait(int *status)
{
	errno = ECHILD;
	return -1;
}

int _unlink(char *name)
{
	errno = ENOENT;
	return -1;
}

int _times(struct tms *buf)
{
	return -1;
}

int _stat(char *file, struct stat *st)
{
	st->st_mode = S_IFCHR;
	return 0;
}

int _link(char *old, char *new)
{
	errno = EMLINK;
	return -1;
}

int _fork(void)
{
	errno = EAGAIN;
	return -1;
}

int _execve(char *name, char **argv, char **env)
{
	errno = ENOMEM;
	return -1;
}

到此编译后没有出现错误了！

七、 编译成功后生成的是.elf和.hex文件，如果需要生成.bin文件，可以在User里面添加一个bat执行文件

Bat文件内容为：

D:\gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10-win32\gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10\arm-none-eabi\bin\objcopy.exe -O binary AppPrj.elf  AppPrj_debug.bin

备注：
此工程配置后虽然能够正常运行程序，但在我电脑无法进行正常debug，很困惑。