这节来学习Grid控件,这个内容有些多,也比较细致,Grid网格布局,
Grid顾名思义就是“网格”,以表格形式布局元素,对于整个面板上的元素进行布局,它的子控件被放在一个一个事先定义好的小格子里面,整齐配列。 Grid和其他各个Panel比较起来,功能最多也最为复杂。要使用Grid,首先要向RowDefinitions和ColumnDefinitions属性中添加一定数量的RowDefinitions和 ColumnDefinitions元素,从而定义行数和列数。而放置在Grid面板中的控件元素都必须显示采用Row和Column附加属性定义其放置所在的行和列,这两个属性的值都是从0开始的索引数,如果没有显式设置任何行或列,Grid将会隐式地将控件加入在第0行第0列。由于Grid的组成并非简单的添加属性标记来区分行列,这也使得用户在实际应用中可以具体到某一单 元格中,所以布局起来就很精细了。 列宽和行高,分别可以在ColumnDefinition、RowDefinition里面指定Width、Height的值。
Grid的单元格可以是空的,一个单元格中可以有多个元素,而在单元格中元素是根据它们的Z顺序一个接着一个呈现的。与Canvas一样,同一个单元格中 的子元素不会与其他元素交互布局,信息——它们仅仅是重叠而已。
Grid面板将元素分割到不可见的行列网格中。尽管可以在一个单元格中放置多个元素(这时这些元素会相互重叠),但在每个单元格中只放置一个元素通常更合理。当然,在Grid单元格中的元素本身也可能是另一个容器,该容器组织它所包含的一组控件。
注意:尽管Grid面板被设计成不可见的,但可将Grid.ShowGridLines属性设置为True,从而更清晰的观察Grid面板,方便调试,可以更准确地控制Grid面板如何选择列宽和行高。
演示代码如下:
<Window x:Class="WpfApp.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid Background="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.HotTrackBrushKey}}" Margin="50,50,50,50">
<Button Content="Button" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="50,41,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="242" Height="104"/>
</Grid>
</Window>
1、Grid的列宽与行高可采用固定、自动、按比例,三种方式定义
操作方式如下:
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
<RowDefinition Height="*" />
<RowDefinition Height="40" />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
<ColumnDefinition Width="300" />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
</Grid>
注意:这里介绍一下Grid高度、宽度的几种定义方式
名称 | 说明 |
---|---|
绝对尺寸 | 就是给一个实际的数字,但通常将此值指定为整数,像上图中中那样 |
自动(Autosizing) | 值为Auto,实际作用就是取实际控件所需的最小值 |
StarSizing | 值为*或N*,实际作用就是取尽可能大的值,当某一列或行被定义为*则是尽可能大,当出现多列或行被定义为*则是代表几者之间按比例方设置尺寸 |
第一种,固定长度——宽度不够,会裁剪,不好用。单位pixel。
第二种,自动长度——自动匹配列中最长元素的宽度。
第三种,比例长度——*表示占用剩余的全部宽度;两行都是*,将平分剩余宽度;像上面的一个2*,一个*,表示前者2/3宽度。
2、跨越多行和多列
<Rectangle Fill="Silver" Grid.Column="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="3"/>
Rectangle,画一个 矩形,然后使用Grid.ColumnSpan和Grid.RowSpan附加属性可以让相互间隔的行列合并,所以元素也可以跨越多个单元格
3、使用GridSplitter分割窗口
使用GridSplitter控件结合Grid控件实现类似于WinForm中SplitContainer的功能。演示代码如下
<Grid ShowGridLines="True" Margin="0,0,0,1">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition ></RowDefinition>
<RowDefinition ></RowDefinition>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="100"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="50"></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Button Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5">Left</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="2" Margin="5">Right</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5">Left</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="2" Margin="5">Right</Button>
<GridSplitter Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Grid.RowSpan="2" Width="30" VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
HorizontalAlignment="Center" ShowsPreview="False"></GridSplitter>
</Grid>
介绍了上面的知识后,来做个记录,在xaml文件中添加2个Grid,完整代码是:
<Window x:Class="WpfApp6.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp6"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="WPF基础控件" Height="758.275" Width="1078.5" Icon="images/22i.jpg" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
<Grid Name="mygrid" >
<Button Name="btnlogin" IsDefault="True" Click="btnlogin_Click" Background="YellowGreen" BorderThickness="3" BorderBrush="Red" Content="登录" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="166,95,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="74" RenderTransformOrigin="-0.2,0.368"/>
<Label Content="帐号" HorizontalAlignment="Left" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" Margin="54,23,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="102"/>
<TextBox Name="txtname" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="23" Margin="142,23,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="admin" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120"/>
<Label Content="密码" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="276,23,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" RenderTransformOrigin="0.088,0.6"/>
<PasswordBox Name="txtpass" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="22" Margin="330,23,0,0" Password="123456" PasswordChar="#" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120"/>
<Button Name="btncancle" IsCancel="True" Foreground="Chartreuse" FontSize="14" Click="btncancle_Click" Content="取消" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="266,95,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="74">
<Button.Background>
<ImageBrush ImageSource="images/32s.jpg"></ImageBrush>
</Button.Background>
</Button>
<RadioButton Content="老师" GroupName="role" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="156,65,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Checked="RadioButton_Checked"/>
<RadioButton Content="学生" GroupName="role" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="230,65,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" RenderTransformOrigin="0.14,0.357" Checked="RadioButton_Checked"/>
<RadioButton Content="管理员" GroupName="role" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="303,65,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Checked="RadioButton_Checked"/>
<!-- IsThreeState属性指定 ToggleButton 是否有两种或三种状态:true,false,null,即选中 、清除 和不确定-->
<CheckBox Content="汽车" Name="chkexcel" IsChecked="True" IsThreeState="True" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="45,138,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<CheckBox Content="阅读" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="118,138,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<CheckBox Content="唱歌" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="181,138,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<CheckBox Content="体育" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="241,138,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Button Content="获取复选框" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="301,135,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="91" Click="Button_Click"/>
<Button Content="创建复选框" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="409,134,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
<!--Image图片控件,Stretch指定拉伸模式 -->
<Image HorizontalAlignment="Left" Name="myimg" Height="83" Margin="45,184,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="85" Source="images/6p.jpg" Stretch="Fill" RenderTransformOrigin="0.541,0.157"/>
<Button Content="相对替换" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="152,187,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="69" Height="32" Click="Button_Click_2"/>
<Button Content="绝对替换" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="152,240,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="69" Height="28" RenderTransformOrigin="0.536,0.815" Click="Button_Click_3"/>
<!-- Border边框控件,与布局面板一起使用,里面只能有一个子元素,BorderThickness边框粗细,BorderBrush边框颜色,CornerRadius圆角大小,Background背景色-->
<Border BorderBrush="red" BorderThickness="3" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="32" Margin="266,184,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100">
<Label Content="我有边框" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
</Border>
<Border BorderBrush="BlueViolet" BorderThickness="5" CornerRadius="9" Background="Bisque" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="38" Margin="266,229,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100">
<Label Content="我有圆角" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="16,1,16,3"/>
</Border>
<!--ComboBox下拉框,IsDropDownOpen指定是否展开,默认不展开 -->
<ComboBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Name="hecbm" IsDropDownOpen="False" Margin="403,187,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="81" Height="22">
<ComboBoxItem Content="请选择" IsSelected="True" Background="#FF26D365"/>
<ComboBoxItem Content="亚洲"/>
<ComboBoxItem Content="非洲"/>
<ComboBoxItem Content="欧洲"/>
</ComboBox>
<ComboBox Name="mycbm" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="403,241,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="81" Height="27" RenderTransformOrigin="0.247,0.481"/>
<ListBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="95" Margin="45,290,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100" RenderTransformOrigin="0.21,0.484">
<ListBoxItem Content="茶杯" IsSelected="True"/>
<ListBoxItem Content="茶叶"/>
<ListBoxItem Content="茶水"/>
<ListBoxItem Content="茶桌"/>
</ListBox>
<ListBox Name="mylist" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="95" Margin="166,290,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100"/>
<!-- DatePicker日期控件-->
<DatePicker Focusable="False" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="301,290,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="106" SelectedDateFormat="Long" />
<!--Slider 滑动控件,Orientation刻度方向(默认水平),TickPlacement刻度位置(默认没有):both/left/right/none,TickFrequency刻度间隔,IsSnapToTickEnabled表示数值变化形式(true代表整形,false代表浮点)-->
<Slider Name="sd1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="303,327,0,0" TickPlacement="Both" TickFrequency="1" IsSnapToTickEnabled="true" Maximum="100" Minimum="1" Value="1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="104"/>
<!--Label控件, Content指定内容:Binding绑定,ElementName绑定控件名称,Path绑定控件的value值,Mode=OneWay指单向影响-->
<Label Content="当前值:" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="304,362,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Label Content="{Binding ElementName=sd1,Path=Value,Mode=OneWay}" Name="mylbl" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="360,362,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="47"/>
<Slider HorizontalAlignment="Left" Name="sd2" Margin="421,282,0,0" TickPlacement="BottomRight" TickFrequency="5" Orientation="Vertical" Maximum="100" Minimum="1" Value="10" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="103" Width="33" Background="#FFCCFB2D" BorderBrush="#FF4118B0"/>
<!--TextBlock文字块 -->
<TextBlock FontSize="{Binding ElementName=sd2,Path=Value,Mode=OneWay}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="459,290,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="看我" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="86" Width="61"/>
<!--ProgressBar进度条:Orientation方向(Horizontal/Vertical,水平/垂直),IsIndeterminate指定连续进度 -->
<ProgressBar Orientation="Horizontal" IsIndeterminate="true" Value="30" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="18" Margin="48,394,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="327"/>
<ProgressBar Name="ps2" Orientation="Vertical" Value="0" Minimum="0" Maximum="120" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="149" Margin="402,394,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="29"/>
<Button Content="加载进度" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="441,434,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="60" Click="Button_Click_4"/>
<Label Content="当前:" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="438,469,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Label Content="" Name="ps2lbl" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="474,469,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<!--StackPanel堆栈布局控件,默认对齐是垂直方向 -->
<Label Content="堆积面板 (StackPanel)" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="54,422,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" RenderTransformOrigin="-3.825,0.04"/>
<StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="109" Cursor="ArrowCD" Margin="56,446,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="143">
<Button>吉利</Button>
<Button>长城</Button>
<Button Margin="0,2,0,2">奇瑞</Button>
<Button>红旗</Button>
<Button>比亚迪</Button>
</StackPanel>
<Border BorderBrush="Crimson" BorderThickness="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="92" Margin="219,450,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="154">
<StackPanel Margin="0,0,0,0" Orientation="Horizontal" >
<Button Margin="5,0,5,0" Background="#FFA6C321">华山</Button>
<Button Margin="5,0,5,0">峨眉</Button>
<Button Margin="5,0,5,0">
<Button.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="Black" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FFF7F0EA" Offset="1"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Button.Background> 昆山
</Button>
<Button Margin="5,0,5,0">武当</Button>
</StackPanel>
</Border>
<Label Content="换行面板 (WrapPanel)" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="54,555,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<!--WrapPanel流布局控件,默认对齐是垂直方向,Orientation元素布局方式 -->
<Border BorderBrush="red" BorderThickness="4" CornerRadius="12" Margin="56,560,569,26" Height="100">
<WrapPanel Orientation="Horizontal" ItemHeight="30" ItemWidth="40" Margin="0,0,0,22" >
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="海王星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
<Button Content="森林星"/>
</WrapPanel>
</Border>
<Label Content="表格式面板 (Grid)" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="584,27,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Grid HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="171" Margin="584,48,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="464" >
<!--RowDefinitions 设置行:3行-->
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<!--RowDefinitions 设置列:3列-->
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<!--Row 的值表示行坐标,Column 的值表示列坐标-->
<Button Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0">A1</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1">A2</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="2">A3</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0">A4</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1">A5</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="2">A6</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0">A7</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1">A8</Button>
<Button Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="2">A9</Button>
</Grid>
<Label Content="表格式面板 (Grid)元素跨行设置 (RowSpan/ColumnSpan)" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="592,248,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Grid HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="100" Margin="603,282,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="445">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition />
<RowDefinition />
<RowDefinition />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition />
<ColumnDefinition />
<ColumnDefinition />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<!--绿色的RowSpan跨2行-->
<Rectangle Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="2" Fill="Green" />
<!--黄色的RowSpan跨2行,ColumnSpan跨2列-->
<Rectangle Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Grid.RowSpan="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Fill="Yellow" />
<!--红色的ColumnSpan跨2列-->
<Rectangle Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Fill="Red" />
<!--兰色的不跨行和列,位于第3行第3列-->
<Rectangle Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="2" Fill="Blue" />
</Grid>
</Grid>
</Window>
运行程序,效果显示如图:
小结
Grid控件常用于界面表格网格的布局,Grid和其他各个Panel比较起来,功能最多也最为复杂。同时此面板可承载任意元素,包括控件,图形,甚至文字。各种元素依据屏幕坐标确定位置。在WPF创建的是系统默认的布局是Grid布局。可以看到,功能全面,使用简单的Grid是布局控件中的瑞士军力。