Depends：xxx but it is not going to be installed

最近在Ubuntu16.04上编译opencv，但从最开始就遇到了头大的问题，在下载安装依赖项时遇到Depends：xxx but it is not going to be installed，更可恶的是有时候我这个依赖项明明已经安装了，却依然提醒这个问题。

有些大佬们使用 sudo apt-get -f install xxx来解决，但我这里没用，所以记录下我采用的解决方法。这里感谢该文章中大佬的回复，解决了我的问题。引用了改地址大佬回复    https://www.v2ex.com/t/70636

我用真实遇到的问题记录，比如我使用

sudo apt-get isntall libvtk5-dev

会出现以下错误

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libvtk5-dev : Depends: libgl1-mesa-dev but it is not going to be installed or
                        libgl-dev
               Depends: libglu1-mesa-dev but it is not going to be installed or
                        libglu-dev
               Depends: libnetcdf-dev but it is not going to be installed
               Depends: libnetcdf-cxx-legacy-dev but it is not going to be installed
               Depends: libpq-dev but it is not going to be installed
               Depends: libtiff-dev
               Depends: libvtk5.10 (= 5.10.1+dfsg-2.1build1) but it is not going to be installed
               Depends: libxml2-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

随后我按照以下过程解决该问题：

1:  sudo apt-get install aptitude

2：  sudo aptitude install libvtk5-dev

然后同样会出现一些按照错误，但不影响我们后续安装，如下所示：

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  comerr-dev{a} hdf5-helpers{a} i965-va-driver{a} krb5-multidev{ab} 
  libaacs0{a} libaec-dev{a} libaec0{a} libavcodec-dev{a} 
  libavcodec-ffmpeg56{a} libavformat-dev{a} libavformat-ffmpeg56{a} 
......
 libgl1-mesa-dev : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx (= 11.2.0-1ubuntu2) but 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 is installed.
 libdrm-dev : Depends: libdrm2 (= 2.4.67-1) but 2.4.83-1~16.04.1 is installed.
              Depends: libdrm-intel1 (= 2.4.67-1) but 2.4.83-1~16.04.1 is installed.
              Depends: libdrm-radeon1 (= 2.4.67-1) but 2.4.83-1~16.04.1 is installed.
              Depends: libdrm-nouveau2 (= 2.4.67-1) but 2.4.83-1~16.04.1 is installed.
              Depends: libdrm-amdgpu1 (= 2.4.67-1) but 2.4.83-1~16.04.1 is installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

      Keep the following packages at their current version:              
1)      krb5-multidev [Not Installed]                                    
2)      libcurl4-gnutls-dev [Not Installed]                              
3)      libdrm-dev [Not Installed]                                       
......                                
19)     libvtk5.10 [Not Installed]                                       
20)     libx11-xcb-dev [Not Installed]                                   
21)     mesa-common-dev [Not Installed]                                  

      Leave the following dependencies unresolved:                       
22)     libqt4-dev recommends libqt4-opengl-dev (= 4:4.8.7+dfsg-5ubuntu2)


Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]n

由于我这里很多是因为版本不一致造成的，所以很多会显示  [Not Installed]，但我在下面输入的是“n”

然后会重新提醒安装需要的版本并选择接受，即“y”
 

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

      Remove the following packages:                                            
1)      clang-8                                                                 
2)      lib32stdc++6                                                            

   ......
31)     libubsan0 [5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 (now) -> 5.3.1-14ubuntu2 (xenial)] 

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y

然后开始安装，最终解决我的问题。

仅作为个人笔记记录。