Oracle数据库备份与恢复 - RMAN备份

               

如果要说DBA工作中最重要的职责（没有之一），那无疑就是保证客户数据的安全和完整，可以看到几乎任何一本Oracle DBA的技术书籍一定都会把大篇幅来介绍数据库的备份与恢复，从中也可以看到备份和恢复的重要程度。 eygle曾经总结了 DBA生存之四大守则的第一条就是： 备份重于一切

我们必需知道,系统总是要崩溃的，没有有效的备份只是等哪一天死！我经常开玩笑的说,唯一会使DBA在梦中惊醒的就是,没有有效的备份.

RMAN概览

RMAN是Oracle数据库软件自带的备份/恢复工具。RMAN只能用于9i或更高的版本中。它能够备份整个数据库或数据库部件，如表空间、数据文件、控制文件、归档文件以及Spfile参数文件。通过RMAN的方式无论是要备份还是要恢复，都必须先启动实例并加载数据库。

From Wiki：RMAN (Recovery Manager) is a backup and recovery manager supplied for Oracle databases (from version 8) created by the Oracle Corporation. It provides database backup, restore, and recovery capabilities addressing high availability and disaster recovery concerns. Oracle Corporation recommends RMAN as its preferred method for backup and recovery and has written command-line and graphical (via Oracle Enterprise Manager) interfaces for the product.

RMAN之备份

连接数据库

很简单，进入到命令提示符界面：

C:\Users\TianPan>RMAN TARGET / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jul 3 11:40:13 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. connected to target database: PTIAN (DBID=1075230356) RMAN>

你也可以先启动RMAN，然后再通过CONNECT命令来连接目标数据库：

C:\Users\TianPan>rman Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jul 3 11:45:30 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. RMAN> connect target / connected to target database: PTIAN (DBID=1075230356) RMAN>

使用RMAN来做各种类型的备份

1.整库备份

整库备份的命令很简单，就是backup database

RMAN> backup database; Starting backup at 05-JUL-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=E:\APP\TIANPAN\ORADATA\PTIAN\SYSTEM01.DBF input datafile file number=00002 name=E:\APP\TIANPAN\ORADATA\PTIAN\SYSAUX01.DBF input datafile file number=00003 name=E:\APP\TIANPAN\ORADATA\PTIAN\UNDOTBS01.DBF input datafile file number=00005 name=E:\APP\TIANPAN\ORADATA\PTIAN\EXAMPLE01.DBF input datafile file number=00004 name=E:\APP\TIANPAN\ORADATA\PTIAN\USERS01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUL-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUL-15 piece handle=E:\APP\TIANPAN\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\PTIAN\BACKUPSET\2015_07_05\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20150705T153438_BSKQJJHS_.BKP tag=TAG20150705T153438 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUL-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUL-15 piece handle=E:\APP\TIANPAN\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\PTIAN\BACKUPSET\2015_07_05\O1_MF_NCSNF_TAG20150705T153438_BSKQL8JB_.BKP tag=TAG20150705T153438 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 05-JUL-15 RMAN>

这个整库备份集生成了两个备份片段：一个存储数据文件，另一个存储控制文件和SPFILE（服务器端初始化参数文件），都被保存到Oracle软件的安装目录下，这是因为没有为备份集指定存储路径，默认情况下就会存储到Oracle软件的安装目录中。

如果是真正的备份操作，你肯定希望能够指定备份集的存储位置，没问题，最简单的方式是在执行BACKUP命令时，指定FORMAT参数来自定义备份片段的路径和命令规则