Linux相关知识的第九回合
就业班及全程班
1、总结ip
分类以及每个分类可以分配的IP
数量
2、总结IP
配置方法
3、使用nmcli
实现bonding
架构师班
1、Nginx
的作用
2、使用Nginx
的优势点
网络相关知识过招
总结ip分类以及每个分类可以分配的IP数量
A类地址
地址范围 0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255
网络数量 126(0和127不能使用)
可分配的ip数量 16777214
默认子网掩码 255.0.0.0
私有地址 10.0.0.0/8
B类地址
地址范围 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255
网络数量 214
可分配的ip数量 65534
默认子网掩码 255.255.0.0
私有地址 172.16.0.0/12(172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0)
C类地址
地址范围 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255
网络数量 2097152
可分配的ip数量 254
默认子网掩码 255.255.255.0
私有地址 192.168.0.0/16(192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.0)
D类地址
组播地址
地址范围 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
E类地址
保留地址
总结IP配置方法
IP地址配置可分为动态分配(需要DHCP服务的支持)或者静态指定(指定具体的IP地址)
在Linux
系统中,配置静态的IP地址的方法
# 永久生效
## 通过修改配置文件,然后重启网络服务
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=0cf2f360-6860-4cd2-924d-545726fde4e5
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.168.66
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.168.254
DNS1=223.5.5.5
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
systemctl restart network.service
# 临时生效
# 清除eth1网卡IP地址
ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0
# 添加eth1网卡的IP地址为192.168.168.68/24
ifconfig eth1 192.168.168.68/24
# 修改网卡名称为eth0的IP地址为172.16.0.65/24
ip addr add 172.16.0.65/24 dev eth0
# 清除eth1上的所有IP地址
ip a f dev eth1
使用nmcli实现bonding
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.168.66 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.168.255
ether 52:54:00:ed:e8:61 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 468 bytes 39000 (38.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 27 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 75 bytes 8191 (7.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:1a:39:8b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 395 bytes 29956 (29.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 6 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 14 bytes 2180 (2.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:c2:2e:c6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 395 bytes 29956 (29.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 6 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 13 bytes 1838 (1.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:fe:06:d9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 396 bytes 30298 (29.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 6 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 13 bytes 1838 (1.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 44 bytes 3732 (3.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 44 bytes 3732 (3.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# 添加bonding接口
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ nmcli con add type bond con-name hooperbond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup
Connection 'hooperbond0' (85fa80df-0e66-4e16-a0a4-a55332ead8da) successfully added.
# 添加从属接口
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth1 master bond0
Connection 'bond-slave-eth1' (a899a147-f5c8-4378-a4ed-17033625bb3e) successfully added.
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth2 master bond0
Connection 'bond-slave-eth2' (e078e63b-1322-47d5-82ec-2e2761c249da) successfully added.
# 注:如无为从属接口提供连接名,则该名称是接口名称加类型构成
# 要启动绑定,则必须首先启动从属接口
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ nmcli con up bond-slave-eth1
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/17)
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ nmcli con up bond-slave-eth2
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/21)
# 启动绑定
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ nmcli con up hooperbond0
Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/22)
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ ifconfig
bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::2147:a625:1f4a:745e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:c2:2e:c6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1010 bytes 76546 (74.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 36 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 28 bytes 3336 (3.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.168.66 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.168.255
ether 52:54:00:ed:e8:61 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4509 bytes 367836 (359.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 140 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 319 bytes 35181 (34.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:c2:2e:c6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3991 bytes 315962 (308.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 46 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 90 bytes 13796 (13.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:c2:2e:c6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4012 bytes 319168 (311.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 46 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 68 bytes 10528 (10.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:fe:06:d9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4023 bytes 320354 (312.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 47 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 58 bytes 9404 (9.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 44 bytes 3732 (3.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 44 bytes 3732 (3.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[hooper@magedu-demo ~] $ nmcli connection
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
bond-slave-eth1 a899a147-f5c8-4378-a4ed-17033625bb3e ethernet eth1
bond-slave-eth2 e078e63b-1322-47d5-82ec-2e2761c249da ethernet eth2
eth0 0cf2f360-6860-4cd2-924d-545726fde4e5 ethernet eth0
hooperbond0 85fa80df-0e66-4e16-a0a4-a55332ead8da bond bond0
Wired connection 1 1722d2ec-3ea3-3b17-bd00-d16d06baf077 ethernet --
Wired connection 2 addea391-8727-30d2-bc28-dae14cb0ea06 ethernet --
Wired connection 3 9ff9fecb-dd27-3942-9004-5033de4e430a ethernet --