Swift 基本运算符(二)

基本运算符

1.Terminology 术语

运算符有一目，双目和三目运算符
一目运算符对一个对象进行操作，如-a，区分前置符和后置符， 如!b , i++
双目运算符用于两个对象之间的操作，如 2+3
三目运算符操作与三个对象之间，Swift只有一个三目运算符 a?b:c

2.Assignment Operator 赋值运算符

let b = 10
var a = 5
a = b
// a is now equal to 10
// 如果右边是个元组，定义的元素被分解为多个变量或常量
let (x, y) = (1, 2)
// x is equal to 1, and y is equal to 2
// Swift的赋值操作不返回任何值，if x=y 是错误代码，让你不会再把 == 错写为 = ， Swift帮你避免了这种代码错误
if x = y {
    // this is not valid, because x = y does not return a value
}

3.Arithmetic Operators 数值运算

Swift不允许数值运算中出现溢出，不过可以使用溢出运算符，比如(a &+ b)

1 + 2       // equals 3
5 - 3       // equals 2
2 * 3       // equals 6
10.0 / 2.5  // equals 4.0
//加法也用于字符串的拼接，两个Character 或一个String一个Character的拼接
"hello, " + "world"  // equals "hello, world"

4.Remainder Operator 求余

求余运算在其他语言也有，其实是一样的，原文讲的很详细，在对负数b求余，b的符号被忽略，即 a%b 和 a%-b 的结果是一样的

9 % 4    // equals 1
-9 % 4   // equals -1

5.Floating-Point Remainder Calculations 浮点数求余

Swfit可以对浮点数进行求余计算，这是不同与其他语言的一个特点

8 % 2.5   // equals 0.5

6.Increment and Decrement Operators 自增和自增运算

对本身加1或减1的 ++ , -- 操作，可以是整型，也可以是浮点型

var i = 0
++i  // i now equals 1

当++前置的时候，先自增再返回
当++后置的时候，先返回再自增

var a = 0
let b = ++a
// a and b are now both equal to 1
let c = a++
// a is now equal to 2, but c has been set to the pre-increment value of 1

7.Unary Minus Operator/ Unary Plus Operator 负号和正号

let three = 3
let minusThree = -three       // minusThree equals -3
let plusThree = -minusThree   // plusThree equals 3, or "minus minus three"
let minusSix = -6
let alsoMinusSix = +minusSix  // alsoMinusSix equals -6

8.Compound Assignment Operators 复合赋值

加赋运算( += )，复合赋值没有返回值，let b = a += 2 写法是错误的

var a = 1
a += 2  // a is now equal to 3

9.Comparison Operators 比较

1 == 1   // true, because 1 is equal to 1
2 != 1   // true, because 2 is not equal to 1
2 > 1    // true, because 2 is greater than 1
1 < 2    // true, because 1 is less than 2
1 >= 1   // true, because 1 is greater than or equal to 1
2 <= 1   // false, because 2 is not less than or equal to 1


let name = "world"
if name == "world" {
    println("hello, world")
} else {
    println("I'm sorry \(name), but I don't recognize you")
}
// prints "hello, world", because name is indeed equal to "world"

10.Ternary Conditional Operator 三元条件运算

三元条件运算是有三个操作数得运算符，question ? answer1 : answer2 ，如果question成立，返回answer1，否则返回answer2

let contentHeight = 40
let hasHeader = true
let rowHeight = contentHeight + (hasHeader ? 50 : 20)
// rowHeight is equal to 90

11.Range Operators 区间运算

闭区间(a...b),定义了从a到b(包括a和b)区间内的所有值

for index in 1...5 {
    println("\(index) times 5 is \(index * 5)")
}
// 1 times 5 is 5
// 2 times 5 is 10
// 3 times 5 is 15
// 4 times 5 is 20
// 5 times 5 is 25

半闭区间(a..b),定义从a到b但不包括b的所有值，实用性在于当使用一个从0开始的数组，取数组的值

let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
let count = names.count
for i in 0..count {
    println("Person \(i + 1) is called \(names[i])")
}
// Person 1 is called Anna
// Person 2 is called Alex
// Person 3 is called Brian
// Person 4 is called Jack

12.Logical Operators 逻辑运算

逻辑非 (!)，对布尔值取反，前置操作符

let allowedEntry = false
if !allowedEntry {
    println("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "ACCESS DENIED"

逻辑与 (a&&b)，只有a和b的值都为true，表达式的值才为true

let enteredDoorCode = true
let passedRetinaScan = false
if enteredDoorCode && passedRetinaScan {
    println("Welcome!")
} else {
    println("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "ACCESS DENIED"

逻辑或 (a||b) , a和b的值其中有一个为true，表达式就为true

let hasDoorKey = false
let knowsOverridePassword = true
if hasDoorKey || knowsOverridePassword {
    println("Welcome!")
} else {
    println("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "Welcome!"

组合

if enteredDoorCode && passedRetinaScan || hasDoorKey || knowsOverridePassword {
    println("Welcome!")
} else {
    println("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "Welcome!"

使用括号来明确运算优先级

if (enteredDoorCode && passedRetinaScan) || hasDoorKey || knowsOverridePassword {
    println("Welcome!")
} else {
    println("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "Welcome!"