HCIP-OSPF综合实验

一·实验拓扑图

二.实验要求

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达；

三.实验步骤

1.配置IP

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.33.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24

[R3-Serial4/0/0]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24

[R4]int s4/0/0

[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1

[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24

[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24

[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24

[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24

[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30

[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24

[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24

[R8]int g 0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.8 24

[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0    
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24

[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24

[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24

[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24

2.公网通

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

3.私网通（基于OSPF）

area 1:

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255

area 2:

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255
 

[R12]rip 1 
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary 
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R12]ospf 1 router-id  12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]import-route rip  //RIP引入

area 3:

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
 

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.98.8 0.0.0.255
 

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0

area 4:

[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0 
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-2]area 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

4.配置隧道（R3为中心站点 实现公私网通）

在R3、R5、R6、R7上配置隧道，NHRP，OSPF路由协议来传递两端私网路由，解决OSPF建邻混乱问题——更改接口类型，解决OSPF选举混乱问题——取消分支站点的选举权，然后R3上开启中心站点R3的伪广播。

[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100  //中心站点
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast  //建邻

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register 

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
 

[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register 

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
 

[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

5.都可访问R4环回——easy ip

R3,R5,R6,R7都做如下R3所示的配置：

私网现在不能访问自己公网口，需要下发默认缺省
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always 

easy IP —— 私网地址访问公网

[R3]acl 2000    
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3]int s 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5]int s 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6]int s 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7]int g 0/0/0    
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

6.减少LSA更新量

路由聚合——主要减轻了骨干区域的LSA

ABR设备

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
 
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
 
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

ASBR设备

[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
 
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

划分特殊区域

area 1 —— 划分为totally stub区域

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1    
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

area 2 area3——划分为totally nssa区域

area 2:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
 
area 3:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]area 3    
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 

R9给R10下发缺省手工配置

[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

7.加快收敛——更改hello时间

1:
[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
0:
[R3]int t 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R5]int t 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6]int t 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7]int t 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
2:
[R6]int g 0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11]int g 0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R12]int g 0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

3:
[R7]int g 0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R8]int g 0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8]int g 0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R9]int g 0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
4:
[R9]int g 0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R10]int g 0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 

8.更新安全——认证（区域认证）

area 0:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
area 1:
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
area 2:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
area 3:
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
area 4:
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
[R10]ospf 2
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345