On-Chip NetWorks 2nd Edition学习笔记——chapter 1

  1. 片上网络正在快速取代总线和crossbar
  2. 利用片上网络可以帮助实现设计隔离
  3. 片上网络可以被视为一个系统,因为它集成了许多组件,包括通道、缓冲器、开关和控制。
  4. 在传统的多处理器系统和较新的多核架构中,基于总线的系统只能扩展到适度数量的处理器。这种有限的可扩展性是因为随着更多的核心被添加到总线,总线流量很快达到饱和,因此很难获得高带宽。驱动一条有许多内核的长总线所需的功率也很高。此外,随着核心计数的增加,集中式仲裁器增加了仲裁延迟。为了解决这些问题,复杂的总线设计结合了分段、分布式仲裁、拆分事务,并且越来越类似于芯片上交换网络
  5. 片上网络的设计可以分解为各种构建块:拓扑结构、路由、流量控制、路由器微体系结构和设计以及链路体系结构
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来自MIT大佬Natalie Enright Jerger、Tushar Krishna、以及Li-Shiuan Peh总结的体系结构片上网络(onchip network)的学习材料(目前主要用于MIT相关课程教学)。 英文摘要:This book targets engineers and researchers familiar with basic computer architecture concepts who are interested in learning about on-chip networks. This work is designed to be a short synthesis of the most critical concepts in on-chip network design. It is a resource for both understanding on-chip network basics and for providing an overview of state of-the-art research in on-chip networks. We believe that an overview that teaches both fundamental concepts and highlights state-of-the-art designs will be of great value to both graduate students and industry engineers. While not an exhaustive text, we hope to illuminate fundamental concepts for the reader as well as identify trends and gaps in on-chip network research. With the rapid advances in this field, we felt it was timely to update and review the state of the art in this second edition. We introduce two new chapters at the end of the book. We have updated the latest research of the past years throughout the book and also expanded our coverage of fundamental concepts to include several research ideas that have now made their way into products and, in our opinion, should be textbook concepts that all on-chip network practitioners should know. For example, these fundamental concepts include message passing, multicast routing, and bubble flow control schemes. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Interface with System Architecture / Topology / Routing / Flow Control / Router Microarchitecture / Modeling and Evaluation / Case Studies / Conclusions / References / Authors' Biographies 是学习NOC等领域的非常好的材料。
### 回答1: On-Chip Networks(OCNs)是一种在集成电路上实现的网络结构,用于连接芯片上的各个功能单元。OCNs的设计目标是提供高带宽、低延迟和低功耗的网络通信,以满足现代芯片上日益增长的通信需求。 OCNs使用的基本组件包括:路由器、交换机和链路。这些组件被分布在芯片上,通过互连架构连接起来。OCNs使用的路由算法可以根据不同的设计目标进行优化,如最小化延迟、最大化吞吐量等。 OCNs的优势包括灵活性、可扩展性和能耗效率。由于OCNs可以根据需要进行调整和增强,因此可以适应不同芯片的需求和特性。此外,OCNs还可以通过增加更多的路由器和链路来扩展网络,以满足更高的通信要求。相比传统的总线结构,OCNs能够提供更高的带宽和更低的延迟,从而改善系统性能和响应时间。 在OCNs中,通信的有效性和可靠性是关键考虑因素。通过使用错误检测和纠正机制,OCNs可以提供可靠的通信,防止数据传输中的错误。此外,OCNs还可以通过流控制和拥塞管理来实现网络拥塞的有效控制,以保持网络的高性能和可靠性。 综上所述,On-Chip Networks(OCNs)是一种在集成电路上实现的高带宽、低延迟和低功耗的网络结构。OCNs通过灵活性、可扩展性和能耗效率等优势,为现代芯片提供高效的通信解决方案。通过合适的设计和优化,OCNs可以满足不同芯片的通信需求,提高系统性能和响应时间。 ### 回答2: on-chip networks(片上网络)是指在单个芯片上构建的网络结构,用于实现芯片内不同功能模块之间的通信和数据交换。这些网络提供了高带宽、低延迟和可扩展性等特点,使得芯片内各个模块可以高效地协同工作。 在过去,大多数芯片上的通信使用总线结构进行,但随着芯片规模的扩大和功能需求的增加,总线结构逐渐暴露出瓶颈和限制。因此,研究人员提出了on-chip networks的概念,以解决这些问题。 on-chip networks采用了分布式交换结构,将芯片内的通信划分为多个通道,通过网络交换节点进行数据的转发和路由选择。这种结构可以提供比总线结构更大的带宽和更低的延迟,同时还能够实现并行通信,提高芯片整体的性能。 在设计on-chip networks时,需要考虑网络拓扑结构、交换节点的数量和位置、路由算法等因素。常见的拓扑结构包括网格、环形、星型等,每种结构都有优缺点,需要根据具体应用场景选择合适的拓扑。 除了提高性能,on-chip networks还有助于提高芯片的可扩展性和灵活性。通过增加网络节点和通道的数量,可以支持更多的功能模块和任务,并且可以根据需求进行灵活的节点配置和拓扑重构。 总之,on-chip networks是一种新型的芯片内通信结构,可以提高芯片的性能、可扩展性和灵活性。随着芯片设计的发展和需求的变化,on-chip networks的研究和应用将得到进一步的推进和发展。 ### 回答3: On-chip networks (OCNs) are high-performance interconnects that are designed to be integrated into a single chip. They are used to connect different components and subsystems within a chip, such as processors, memory units, and input/output interfaces. OCNs provide a scalable and efficient communication infrastructure within a chip, allowing for fast and reliable data transfer between various components. They consist of a network of interconnected routers, which direct the flow of data packets between different nodes on the chip. The benefits of using OCNs include improved overall chip performance, increased functionality, and reduced power consumption. By providing a dedicated communication infrastructure, OCNs reduce the dependency on shared buses and enable better parallelism and concurrency in chip designs. OCNs are also highly configurable and can be customized to meet the specific requirements of a chip design. They can be optimized for different communication patterns, such as point-to-point, multicast, or broadcast, depending on the needs of the system. Furthermore, OCNs are designed to be highly scalable, allowing for the integration of more components on a chip without compromising performance. They can handle increasing data traffic and bandwidth requirements as the number of cores and subsystems on a chip continues to grow. Research and development in the field of OCNs have led to advancements in network-on-chip architectures, routing algorithms, and fault tolerance mechanisms. These advancements have made it possible to design more complex and powerful chips, such as multi-core processors and system-on-chip designs. In conclusion, on-chip networks are an essential component of modern chip designs, enabling efficient and reliable communication between different components. They contribute to improved chip performance, increased functionality, and reduced power consumption. OCNs will continue to play a crucial role in the development of future high-performance chips.
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