NoC (Network on chip) 基础 (2) :片上网络的拓扑结构(Topology)

基本介绍

网络的拓扑结构:Channels 和 Nodes的静态组合方式。
设计拓扑结构往往是设计网络的第一步,后续的路由(Route)策略以及流控制(Flow-Control)策略都建立在拓扑的基础上。

我们在考虑选择网络拓扑时往往要考虑以下两个要素

  • 成本 (Cost):包括chip、circuit board、cable等设备。
  • 性能 (Performance): 主要包括 bandwidth 和 latency 两方面。

这些度量的尺度大多也都与流控制策略、路由策略有关。为了能单一的评价一个拓扑的性能好坏,还引入了包括 bisection bandwidth、channel load、path delay等度量手段。

设计人员常见的想法往往是为一个问题设计专门的不规则的网络拓扑。然而实际情况是,不规则的拓扑无法与当前众多研究人员在通用形状拓扑上的各种经验相适应。所以一般还是建议设计人员在挑选拓扑时,选择如Torus、Butterfly等成熟的通用拓扑。

在这里插入图片描述

一些专用的名词

  • Direct Network:packet 能在terminal node之间直接传递,不需要经过专用的swtich node (如上图a 的Torus拓扑,每一个node都是terminal)
  • Indirect Network:packet 需要借助专用的swtich node进行传递。(如上图b的butterfly拓扑)
  • 网络的一个划分(Cut):选取一组channels,这组channel
来自MIT大佬Natalie Enright Jerger、Tushar Krishna、以及Li-Shiuan Peh总结的体系结构片上网络onchip network)的学习材料(目前主要用于MIT相关课程教学)。 英文摘要:This book targets engineers and researchers familiar with basic computer architecture concepts who are interested in learning about on-chip networks. This work is designed to be a short synthesis of the most critical concepts in on-chip network design. It is a resource for both understanding on-chip network basics and for providing an overview of state of-the-art research in on-chip networks. We believe that an overview that teaches both fundamental concepts and highlights state-of-the-art designs will be of great value to both graduate students and industry engineers. While not an exhaustive text, we hope to illuminate fundamental concepts for the reader as well as identify trends and gaps in on-chip network research. With the rapid advances in this field, we felt it was timely to update and review the state of the art in this second edition. We introduce two new chapters at the end of the book. We have updated the latest research of the past years throughout the book and also expanded our coverage of fundamental concepts to include several research ideas that have now made their way into products and, in our opinion, should be textbook concepts that all on-chip network practitioners should know. For example, these fundamental concepts include message passing, multicast routing, and bubble flow control schemes. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Interface with System Architecture / Topology / Routing / Flow Control / Router Microarchitecture / Modeling and Evaluation / Case Studies / Conclusions / References / Authors' Biographies 是学习NOC等领域的非常好的材料。
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