【C#】54. .Net中的并发集合——ConcurrentDictionary

转载自《C#多线程编程实例》

对于并行计算，我们需要使用适当的数据结构。这些结构具备可伸缩性，尽可能地避免锁，并且还能提供线程安全的访问。.Net Framework 引入了System.Collections.Concurrent 命名空间，包含了一些数据结构。

const string Item = "Dictionary item";
public static string CurrentItem;

static void Main(string[] args)
{
var concurrentDictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, string>();
var dictionary = new Dictionary<int, string>();
var sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
lock (dictionary)
{
dictionary[i] = Item;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Writing to dictionary with a lock: {0}", sw.Elapsed);

sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
concurrentDictionary[i] = Item;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Writing to a concurrent dictionary: {0}", sw.Elapsed);

sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
lock (dictionary)
{
CurrentItem = dictionary[i];
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Reading from dictionary with a lock: {0}", sw.Elapsed);

sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
CurrentItem = concurrentDictionary[i];
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Reading from a concurrent dictionary: {0}", sw.Elapsed);

Console.Read();
}

可以明显地看出使用lock配合Dictionary 与 ConcurrentDictionary 的性能差异：在“写”操作上，lock配合Dictionary显然快很多；而在“读”操作上，ConcurrentDictionary更快一些。但是请注意，这里使用的是单线程！如果线程数量上去，ConcurrentDictionary的效率会大大提升。