android 网络编程基础

在android系统中提供了三种通信接口
标准的java接口 java.net
apache接口 org.apache.http
android网络接口 android.net.http

apache接口中主要类HttpClient，HttpResponse，HttpEntity，HttpGet，HttpPost。使用HttpGet和HttpPost封装Get和Post请求，然后使用HttpClient类的execute方法发送Post和Get请求，并返回服务器响应数据HttpResponse。

还可以设置连接和读取起始时间并新建HttpClient。

HttpParams httpParams =  new DefaultedHttpParams();
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams,3000);
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams,5000);
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParams);

将服务器返回的结果在HttpResponse中，然后转换成字符串。
方法1：

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));
String line = "";
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null){
     //对line进行处理
}

方法2：

String content = inStream2String(response.getEntity().getContent());

/**
  * 将输入流转换成字符串
  * @param is
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
*/
private String inStream2String(InputStream is) throws Exception {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
     int len = -1;
     while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
         baos.write(buf, 0, len);
     }
     return new String(baos.toByteArray());
}

方法3：

if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode == 200){
    byte[] bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(response.getEntity());
    if(bytes != null){
        String strXml = new String(bytes,"utf-8");
    }
}

HttpClient就像一个浏览器，对于整个应用，只需要一个HttpClient就够了，因此可以得出：使用单例模式就可以实现，例如下面的代码：

public class CustomHttpClient {
      private HttpClient customHttpClient;
      public static HttpClient getCustomHttpClient(){
          if(null == customHttpClient){
              customHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
          }
          return customHttpClient;
      }
 }

如果同时有多个请求需要处理昵？使用多线程。下面的代码很好地解决了多线程问题。通过getHttpClient()方法为HttpClient配置了一些基本参数和超时设置，然后使用ThreadSafeClientConnManager来创建线程安全的HttpClient。

public class CustomHttpClient {
        private static final String CHARSET = "HTTP.UTF_8";
        private HttpClient customHttpClient;
        private CustomHttpClient(){

        }
        public static synchronized HttpClient getHttpClient(){
            if(null == customHttpClient){
                HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
                //设置一些基本参数
                HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
                HttpProtocolParams.setContentChar(params, CHARSET);
                HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);
                HttpProtocolParams.setUserAgent(params, "Mozilla/5.0(Linux;U;Android 3.0;en-us;Nexus One Build.FRG83)"
                +"AppkeWebKit/553.1(KHTML,Like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1");
                //超时设置
                //从连接池中取连接的超时时间
                ConnManagerParams.setTimeOut(params, 1000);
                /** 连接超时 **/
                HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeOut(params, 2000);
                // 请求超时
                HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
                /* 设置我们的HttpClient支持HTTP和HTTPS两种模式*/
                SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
                schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
                schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory,getSocketFactory(), 443));
                //使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient
                ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg);
                customHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params);
            }
            return customHttpClient;
        }
    }