Python模块的本地发布 setuptools(setup.py)(包管理工具)(distutils)

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已于 2022-06-18 00:07:55 修改

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文章标签： python

于 2021-04-29 18:03:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hxxjxw/article/details/116274158

版权

当我们完成了某一个模块的开发后，可以通过PyPI在网上发布，也可以在本地发布，即让其他人以"第三方扩展库"的方式使用我们的模块。

setuptools是python标准的打包分发工具，它可以将我们编写的python项目打包安装，这样其他人就可以像调用标准库或python第三方库那样直接使用

setuptools是Python distutils的拓展和增强版, 有类似的API和接口

python setup.py develop  
=
pip install -v -e

制作分发自己的包举例

(1条消息) Python使用setuptools打包自己的分发包并使用举例(setup.py)_hxxjxw的博客-CSDN博客

setup.py文件的使用

可以用python setup.py --help-commands 查看相关用法

python setup.py build #编译
python setup.py install #安装
python setup.py sdist #制作分发包，会将要分发的目录打包成tar.gz文件
python setup.py bdist_wininst #制作windows下的分发包
python setup.py bdist_rpm

python setup.py build_ext --inplace

给python编译⼀个c、c++的拓展

inplace是忽略build-lib，将编译后的扩展放到源⽬录中，与纯Python模块放在⼀起

setup.py各字段含义

比较全面的写法及解释。required是必须的，optional是非必须的

但是还会有一些没包含的

"""A setuptools based setup module.
See:
https://packaging.python.org/guides/distributing-packages-using-setuptools/
https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject
"""

# Always prefer setuptools over distutils
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
import pathlib

here = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()

# Get the long description from the README file
long_description = (here / "README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")

# Arguments marked as "Required" below must be included for upload to PyPI.
# Fields marked as "Optional" may be commented out.

setup(
    # This is the name of your project. The first time you publish this
    # package, this name will be registered for you. It will determine how
    # users can install this project, e.g.:
    #
    # $ pip install sampleproject
    #
    # And where it will live on PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/sampleproject/
    #
    # There are some restrictions on what makes a valid project name
    # specification here:
    # https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#name
    name="sampleproject",  # Required
    # Versions should comply with PEP 440:
    # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/
    #
    # For a discussion on single-sourcing the version across setup.py and the
    # project code, see
    # https://packaging.python.org/guides/single-sourcing-package-version/
    version="2.0.0",  # Required
    # This is a one-line description or tagline of what your project does. This
    # corresponds to the "Summary" metadata field:
    # https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#summary
    description="A sample Python project",  # Optional
    # This is an optional longer description of your project that represents
    # the body of text which users will see when they visit PyPI.
    #
    # Often, this is the same as your README, so you can just read it in from
    # that file directly (as we have already done above)
    #
    # This field corresponds to the "Description" metadata field:
    # https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#description-optional
    long_description=long_description,  # Optional
    # Denotes that our long_description is in Markdown; valid values are
    # text/plain, text/x-rst, and text/markdown
    #
    # Optional if long_description is written in reStructuredText (rst) but
    # required for plain-text or Markdown; if unspecified, "applications should
    # attempt to render [the long_description] as text/x-rst; charset=UTF-8 and
    # fall back to text/plain if it is not valid rst" (see link below)
    #
    # This field corresponds to the "Description-Content-Type" metadata field:
    # https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#description-content-type-optional
    long_description_content_type="text/markdown",  # Optional (see note above)
    # This should be a valid link to your project's main homepage.
    #
    # This field corresponds to the "Home-Page" metadata field:
    # https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#home-page-optional
    url="https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject",  # Optional
    # This should be your name or the name of the organization which owns the
    # project.
    author="A. Random Developer",  # Optional
    # This should be a valid email address corresponding to the author listed
    # above.
    author_email="author@example.com",  # Optional
    # Classifiers help users find your project by categorizing it.
    #
    # For a list of valid classifiers, see https://pypi.org/classifiers/
    classifiers=[  # Optional
        # How mature is this project? Common values are
        #   3 - Alpha
        #   4 - Beta
        #   5 - Production/Stable
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        # Indicate who your project is intended for
        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
        "Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools",
        # Pick your license as you wish
        "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
        # Specify the Python versions you support here. In particular, ensure
        # that you indicate you support Python 3. These classifiers are *not*
        # checked by 'pip install'. See instead 'python_requires' below.
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
    ],
    # This field adds keywords for your project which will appear on the
    # project page. What does your project relate to?
    #
    # Note that this is a list of additional keywords, separated
    # by commas, to be used to assist searching for the distribution in a
    # larger catalog.
    keywords="sample, setuptools, development",  # Optional
    # When your source code is in a subdirectory under the project root, e.g.
    # `src/`, it is necessary to specify the `package_dir` argument.
    package_dir={"": "src"},  # Optional
    # You can just specify package directories manually here if your project is
    # simple. Or you can use find_packages().
    #
    # Alternatively, if you just want to distribute a single Python file, use
    # the `py_modules` argument instead as follows, which will expect a file
    # called `my_module.py` to exist:
    #
    #   py_modules=["my_module"],
    #
    packages=find_packages(where="src"),  # Required
    # Specify which Python versions you support. In contrast to the
    # 'Programming Language' classifiers above, 'pip install' will check this
    # and refuse to install the project if the version does not match. See
    # https://packaging.python.org/guides/distributing-packages-using-setuptools/#python-requires
    python_requires=">=3.7, <4", # Optional
    # This field lists other packages that your project depends on to run.
    # Any package you put here will be installed by pip when your project is
    # installed, so they must be valid existing projects.
    #
    # For an analysis of "install_requires" vs pip's requirements files see:
    # https://packaging.python.org/discussions/install-requires-vs-requirements/
    install_requires=["peppercorn"],  # Optional
    # List additional groups of dependencies here (e.g. development
    # dependencies). Users will be able to install these using the "extras"
    # syntax, for example:
    #
    #   $ pip install sampleproject[dev]
    #
    # Similar to `install_requires` above, these must be valid existing
    # projects.
    extras_require={  # Optional
        "dev": ["check-manifest"],
        "test": ["coverage"],
    },
    # If there are data files included in your packages that need to be
    # installed, specify them here.
    package_data={  # Optional
        "sample": ["package_data.dat"],
    },
    # Although 'package_data' is the preferred approach, in some case you may
    # need to place data files outside of your packages. See:
    # http://docs.python.org/distutils/setupscript.html#installing-additional-files
    #
    # In this case, 'data_file' will be installed into '<sys.prefix>/my_data'
    data_files=[("my_data", ["data/data_file"])],  # Optional
    # To provide executable scripts, use entry points in preference to the
    # "scripts" keyword. Entry points provide cross-platform support and allow
    # `pip` to create the appropriate form of executable for the target
    # platform.
    #
    # For example, the following would provide a command called `sample` which
    # executes the function `main` from this package when invoked:
    entry_points={  # Optional
        "console_scripts": [
            "sample=sample:main",
        ],
    },
    # List additional URLs that are relevant to your project as a dict.
    #
    # This field corresponds to the "Project-URL" metadata fields:
    # https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#project-url-multiple-use
    #
    # Examples listed include a pattern for specifying where the package tracks
    # issues, where the source is hosted, where to say thanks to the package
    # maintainers, and where to support the project financially. The key is
    # what's used to render the link text on PyPI.
    project_urls={  # Optional
        "Bug Reports": "https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject/issues",
        "Funding": "https://donate.pypi.org",
        "Say Thanks!": "http://saythanks.io/to/example",
        "Source": "https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject/",
    },
)

所以，最简化的写法

import setuptools
 
#定义包的一些属性
setuptools.setup(
    name='hxx_learn',
    version='1.0',
    packages = setuptools.find_packages('./'),
)

可以使用

python setup.py check

检查setup.py 文件是否有错误

字段含义

name：包名称.
version (-V)：包版本
url：程序的官网地址
description：程序的简单描述
packages：需要处理的包目录（包含__init__.py的文件夹）
py_modules：需要打包的python文件列表
data_files：打包时需要打包的数据文件，如图片，配置文件等
scripts：安装时需要执行的脚步列表
package_dir：告诉setuptools哪些目录下的文件被映射到哪个源码包
requires：定义依赖哪些模块
entry_points：控制命令的
find_packages() 默认在和setup.py同一目录下搜索各个含有 __init__.py的包。如果有多个含有 __init__.py的包，会都打包到一起。