linux系统管理之添加并挂载新硬盘

Linux系统由于数据累计增长、前期存储规划不合理等诸多因素，出现存储不够用的情况时，这是可以添加硬盘，挂载上，让数据存储在新添加的硬盘上，具体做法如下：
1添加新硬盘到服务器，重启；
2.使用fdisk -l查看分区表信息

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        5221    41833260   8e  Linux LVM


Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table


Disk /dev/dm-0: 32.3 GB, 32346472448 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3932 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table


Disk /dev/dm-1: 10.4 GB, 10468982784 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1272 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

3.使用命令fdisk /dev/sdb 进入该磁盘进行分区：

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.




The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)


Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)




Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System


Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610): 
Using default value 2610


Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]#  fdisk -l /dev/sdb


Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

4.使用 mkfs.ext4 命令格式化磁盘成格式化成ext4各式的文件系统。

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke4fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000


Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done


This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune4fs -c or -i to override.

5.系统启动时自动挂载/dev/sdb1,编辑/etc/fstab文件，指定挂载目录为/mydata

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# cd /
[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# mkdir mydata
[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# mount -a
[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-sda3
                       30G  2.4G   26G   9% /
/dev/sda1              99M   23M   71M  25% /boot
tmpfs                 4.0G     0  4.0G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              20G  172M   19G   1% /mydata
[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# 

到此为止，我们就可以用新添加的硬盘来存新数据了。这样的应用主要是数据库增大，一块盘不够用了，添加新盘来存后来的数据。
本人是在虚拟机上通过测试的。