APUE 20171211

read the code of Figure 11.11 using 2 mutexes. Still not get the mean.
Here is the code:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define NHASH 29
#define HASH(id) (((unsigned long)id)%NHASH)
struct foo *fh[NHASH];
pthread_mutex_t hashlock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
struct foo {
int
f_count;
pthread_mutex_t f_lock;
int
f_id;
struct foo
*f_next; /* protected by hashlock */
/* ... more stuff here ... */
};
struct foo *
foo_alloc(int id) /* allocate the object */
{
struct foo *fp;
int
idx;
if ((fp = malloc(sizeof(struct foo))) != NULL) {
fp->f_count = 1;
fp->f_id = id;
if (pthread_mutex_init(&fp->f_lock, NULL) != 0) {
free(fp);
return(NULL);
}
idx = HASH(id);
pthread_mutex_lock(&hashlock);
fp->f_next = fh[idx];
fh[idx] = fp;
pthread_mutex_lock(&fp->f_lock);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&hashlock);
/* ... continue initialization ... */
pthread_mutex_unlock(&fp->f_lock);
}
return(fp);
}
void
foo_hold(struct foo *fp) /* add a reference to the object */
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&fp->f_lock);
fp->f_count++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&fp->f_lock);
}
struct foo *
foo_find(int id) /* find an existing object */
{
struct foo
Chapter
*fp;
pthread_mutex_lock(&hashlock);
for (fp = fh[HASH(id)]; fp != NULL; fp = fp->f_next) {
if (fp->f_id == id) {
foo_hold(fp);
break;
}
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&hashlock);
return(fp);
}
void
foo_rele(struct foo *fp) /* release a reference to the object */
{
struct foo *tfp;
int
idx;
pthread_mutex_lock(&fp->f_lock);
if (fp->f_count == 1) { /* last reference */
pthread_mutex_unlock(&fp->f_lock);
pthread_mutex_lock(&hashlock);
pthread_mutex_lock(&fp->f_lock);
/* need to recheck the condition */
if (fp->f_count != 1) {
fp->f_count--;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&fp->f_lock);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&hashlock);
return;
}
/* remove from list */
idx = HASH(fp->f_id);
tfp = fh[idx];
if (tfp == fp) {
fh[idx] = fp->f_next;
} else {
while (tfp->f_next != fp)
tfp = tfp->f_next;
tfp->f_next = fp->f_next;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&hashlock);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&fp->f_lock);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&fp->f_lock);
free(fp);
} else {
fp->f_count--;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&fp->f_lock);
}
}

It is too complex to understand.