实验项目2 贪吃蛇游戏开发

一.项目要求

（1）实现贪吃蛇游戏基本功能，屏幕上随机出现一个“食物”，称为豆子，    上下左右控制“蛇”的移动，吃到“豆子”以后“蛇”的身体加长一点。

（2）“蛇”碰到边界或蛇头与蛇身相撞，蛇死亡，游戏结束。

（3）为游戏设计友好的交互界面；例如欢迎界面，游戏界面，游戏结束界面。要有开始键、暂停键和停止退出的选项。

（4）对蛇吃到豆子进行分值计算，可以设置游戏速度，游戏音乐    等拓展元素。

二.项目平台

IDEA.Java Swing

三.项目实现过程

1.实现键盘控制：

addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                super.keyPressed(e);
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "L") {
                        direction = "R";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "R") {
                        direction = "L";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "D") {
                        direction = "U";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "U") {
                        direction = "D";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 3;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {
                    if (!pause)//暂停
                    {
                        pause = true;
                        isrun = false;
                    } else//开始
                    {
                        pause = false;
                        isrun = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        setFocusable(true);
    }

2.游戏画面及内容设置：

    public void paintComponent(Graphics g1) {
        super.paintComponent(g1);
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) g1;
        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);//消除画图锯齿
        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL, RenderingHints.VALUE_STROKE_NORMALIZE);//画线平滑
        //画头部
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.fillRoundRect(head.x, head.y, 20, 20, 10, 10);
        g.setPaint(new GradientPaint(115, 135, Color.ORANGE, 230, 135, Color.PINK, true));//颜色设置
        if (!first_launch) {
            //初始化身体
            int x = head.x;
            for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                x -= 22;//相邻两个方块的间距为2个像素，方块宽度都为20像素
                body[i].x = x;
                body[i].y = head.y;
                g.fillRoundRect(body[i].x, body[i].y, 20, 20, 10, 10);
            }
            //初始化食物位置
            ProduceRandom();
            g.fillOval(randomx, randomy, 19, 19);
        } else {
            //每次刷新身体
            for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                g.fillRoundRect(body[i].x, body[i].y, 20, 20, 10, 10);
            }
            if (EatFood())//被吃了重新产生食物
            {
                ProduceRandom();
                g.fillOval(randomx, randomy, 19, 19);
            } else {
                g.fillOval(randomx, randomy, 19, 19);
            }
        }
        first_launch = true;
        //墙
        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(4, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL));
        g.drawRect(2, 7, 491, 469);
        //网格线
        for (int i = 1; i < 22; i++) {
            g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL));
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.drawLine(5 + i * 22, 9, 5 + i * 22, 472);
            if (i <= 20) {
                g.drawLine(4, 10 + i * 22, 491, 10 + i * 22);
            }
        }
    }

3.食物随机产生：

    public void ProduceRandom() {
        boolean flag = true;
        Random rand = new Random();
        randomx = (rand.nextInt(21) + 1) * 22 + 7;
        randomy = (rand.nextInt(20) + 1) * 22 + 12;
        while (flag) {
            for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                if (body[i].x == randomx && body[i].y == randomy) {
                    randomx = (rand.nextInt(21) + 1) * 22 + 7;
                    randomy = (rand.nextInt(20) + 1) * 22 + 12;
                    flag = true;
                    break;
                } else {
                    if (i == body_length - 1) {
                        flag = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

4.触碰墙与身体的判定：

    public void HitWall() {//判断是否撞墙
        if (current_direction == "L") {
            if (head.x < 7) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 5;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "R") {
            if (head.x > 489) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 3;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "U") {
            if (head.y < 12) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 5;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("6");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "D") {
            if (head.y > 472) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 5;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public void HitSelf() {//判断是否撞到自己身上
        for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
            if (body[i].x == head.x && body[i].y == head.y) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 3;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SIZE; j++) {
                        body[j].x = 0;
                        body[j].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

5.移动与身体加长：

    public boolean EatFood() {
        if (head.x == randomx && head.y == randomy) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
    public void Thread() {
        long millis = 300;//每隔300毫秒刷新一次
        run = new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(millis);
                    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    if (!pause) {
                        temp.x = head.x;
                        temp.y = head.y;
                        //头部移动
                        if (direction == "L") {
                            head.x -= 22;
                        }
                        if (direction == "R") {
                            head.x += 22;
                        }
                        if (direction == "U") {
                            head.y -= 22;
                        }
                        if (direction == "D") {
                            head.y += 22;
                        }
                        current_direction = direction;//刷新当前前进方向
                        //身体移动
                        for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                            temp2.x = body[i].x;
                            temp2.y = body[i].y;
                            body[i].x = temp.x;
                            body[i].y = temp.y;
                            temp.x = temp2.x;
                            temp.y = temp2.y;
                        }
                        if (EatFood()) {
                            body_length++;
                            body[body_length - 1].x = temp2.x;
                            body[body_length - 1].y = temp2.y;
                            Score.setText("" + (body_length - 3));
                        }
                        repaint();
                        HitWall();
                        HitSelf();
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        run.start();
    }

四.最终项目实现

项目完整代码：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.*;
class Tile {
    int x;
    int y;
    public Tile(int x0, int y0) {
        x = x0;
        y = y0;
    }
}
public class Snake extends JComponent {
    private final int MAX_SIZE = 400;//蛇身体最长为400节
    private Tile temp = new Tile(0, 0);
    private Tile temp2 = new Tile(0, 0);
    private Tile head = new Tile(227, 100);//头部的位置初始化为(227,100)
    private Tile[] body = new Tile[MAX_SIZE];
    private String direction = "R";//默认向右走
    private String current_direction = "R";//当前方向
    private boolean first_launch = false;
    private boolean isrun = true;
    private int randomx, randomy;
    private int body_length = 3;//身体长度初始化为3
    private Thread run;
    private JLabel label = new JLabel("当前得分：");
    private JLabel label1 = new JLabel("说明：");
    private JTextArea explain = new JTextArea("游戏界面按上下左右键实现移动，按ESC重新开始，按空格键可以实现暂停和开始");
    private JLabel Score = new JLabel("0");
    private Font f = new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15);
    private Font f1 = new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13);
    private JPanel p = new JPanel();
    private boolean pause = false;
    public Snake() {
        String lookAndFeel = UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName();
        try {
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(lookAndFeel);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e1) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e1) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException e1) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        //布局
        add(label);
        label.setBounds(500, 30, 80, 20);
        label.setFont(f);//得分标签
        add(Score);
        Score.setBounds(500, 60, 80, 20);
        Score.setFont(f);//得分
        add(p);
        p.setBounds(498, 110, 93, 1);
        p.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.black));//分隔线
        add(label1);
        label1.setBounds(500, 140, 80, 20);
        label1.setFont(f);//说明标签
        add(explain);
        explain.setBounds(498, 180, 100, 350);
        explain.setFont(f1);//说明
        explain.setLineWrap(true);
        explain.setOpaque(false);
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
            body[i] = new Tile(0, 0);
        }
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                super.keyPressed(e);
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "L") {
                        direction = "R";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "R") {
                        direction = "L";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "D") {
                        direction = "U";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
                    if (isrun && current_direction != "U") {
                        direction = "D";
                    }
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 3;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                }
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {
                    if (!pause)//暂停
                    {
                        pause = true;
                        isrun = false;
                    } else//开始
                    {
                        pause = false;
                        isrun = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        setFocusable(true);
    }
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g1) {
        super.paintComponent(g1);
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) g1;
        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);//消除画图锯齿
        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL, RenderingHints.VALUE_STROKE_NORMALIZE);//画线平滑
        //画头部
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.fillRoundRect(head.x, head.y, 20, 20, 10, 10);
        g.setPaint(new GradientPaint(115, 135, Color.ORANGE, 230, 135, Color.PINK, true));//颜色设置
        if (!first_launch) {
            //初始化身体
            int x = head.x;
            for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                x -= 22;//相邻两个方块的间距为2个像素，方块宽度都为20像素
                body[i].x = x;
                body[i].y = head.y;
                g.fillRoundRect(body[i].x, body[i].y, 20, 20, 10, 10);
            }
            //初始化食物位置
            ProduceRandom();
            g.fillOval(randomx, randomy, 19, 19);
        } else {
            //每次刷新身体
            for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                g.fillRoundRect(body[i].x, body[i].y, 20, 20, 10, 10);
            }
            if (EatFood())//被吃了重新产生食物
            {
                ProduceRandom();
                g.fillOval(randomx, randomy, 19, 19);
            } else {
                g.fillOval(randomx, randomy, 19, 19);
            }
        }
        first_launch = true;
        //墙
        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(4, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL));
        g.drawRect(2, 7, 491, 469);
        //网格线
        for (int i = 1; i < 22; i++) {
            g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL));
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.drawLine(5 + i * 22, 9, 5 + i * 22, 472);
            if (i <= 20) {
                g.drawLine(4, 10 + i * 22, 491, 10 + i * 22);
            }
        }
    }
    public void ProduceRandom() {
        boolean flag = true;
        Random rand = new Random();
        randomx = (rand.nextInt(21) + 1) * 22 + 7;
        randomy = (rand.nextInt(20) + 1) * 22 + 12;
        while (flag) {
            for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                if (body[i].x == randomx && body[i].y == randomy) {
                    randomx = (rand.nextInt(21) + 1) * 22 + 7;
                    randomy = (rand.nextInt(20) + 1) * 22 + 12;
                    flag = true;
                    break;
                } else {
                    if (i == body_length - 1) {
                        flag = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public void HitWall() {//判断是否撞墙
        if (current_direction == "L") {
            if (head.x < 7) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 5;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "R") {
            if (head.x > 489) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 3;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "U") {
            if (head.y < 12) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 5;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("6");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "D") {
            if (head.y > 472) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 5;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
                        body[i].x = 0;
                        body[i].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public void HitSelf() {//判断是否撞到自己身上
        for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
            if (body[i].x == head.x && body[i].y == head.y) {
                isrun = false;
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "Information", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {
                    direction = "R";//默认向右走
                    current_direction = "R";//当前方向
                    first_launch = false;
                    isrun = true;
                    body_length = 3;
                    head = new Tile(227, 100);
                    Score.setText("0");
                    for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SIZE; j++) {
                        body[j].x = 0;
                        body[j].y = 0;
                    }
                    run = new Thread();
                    run.start();
                    System.out.println("Start again");
                } else {
                    run.stop();
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    public boolean EatFood() {
        if (head.x == randomx && head.y == randomy) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
    public void Thread() {
        long millis = 300;//每隔300毫秒刷新一次
        run = new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(millis);
                    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    if (!pause) {
                        temp.x = head.x;
                        temp.y = head.y;
                        //头部移动
                        if (direction == "L") {
                            head.x -= 22;
                        }
                        if (direction == "R") {
                            head.x += 22;
                        }
                        if (direction == "U") {
                            head.y -= 22;
                        }
                        if (direction == "D") {
                            head.y += 22;
                        }
                        current_direction = direction;//刷新当前前进方向
                        //身体移动
                        for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {
                            temp2.x = body[i].x;
                            temp2.y = body[i].y;
                            body[i].x = temp.x;
                            body[i].y = temp.y;
                            temp.x = temp2.x;
                            temp.y = temp2.y;
                        }
                        if (EatFood()) {
                            body_length++;
                            body[body_length - 1].x = temp2.x;
                            body[body_length - 1].y = temp2.y;
                            Score.setText("" + (body_length - 3));
                        }
                        repaint();
                        HitWall();
                        HitSelf();
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        run.start();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Snake t = new Snake();
        t.Thread();
        JFrame game = new JFrame();
        game.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.lightGray);
        game.setTitle("Snake");
        game.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        game.setSize(602, 517);//总窗体大小
        game.setResizable(false);
        game.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        game.add(t);
        game.setVisible(true);
    }
}

运行界面：

ps：对墙的结束判定进行了修改，能够实现碰墙自动转向（默认顺时针，并考虑特殊情况）。

    public void HitWall() {//判断是否撞墙
        if (current_direction == "L") {
            if (head.x < 8) {
                if (head.y < 13) {
                    direction = "D";//特殊情况向下走
                } else {
                    direction = "U";//向上走
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "R") {
            if (head.x > 450) {
                if (head.y > 450) {
                    direction = "U";//特殊情况向上走
                } else {
                    direction = "D";//向下走
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "U") {
            if (head.y < 13) {
                if (head.x > 450) {
                    direction = "L";//特殊情况向左走
                } else {
                    direction = "R";//向右走
                }
            }
        }
        if (current_direction == "D") {
            if (head.y > 450) {
                if (head.x < 8) {
                    direction = "R";//特殊情况向右走
                } else {
                    direction = "L";//向左走
                }
            }
        }
    }