Linux - X11 获取窗口列表

2022-06-28更新:

• XQueryTree 函数介绍等注释
• 窗口属性XWindowAttributes 说明
• 添加CMake编译说明

---

ENV

• Ubuntu 20.04
• CMake
• Github: probe

source

main.cpp

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	// 获取根窗口
    auto display = XOpenDisplay(nullptr);
    auto root_window = DefaultRootWindow(display);

    Window root_return, parent_return;
    Window * child_list = nullptr;
    unsigned int child_num = 0;
    // 函数详细说明见xlib文档：https://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/window-information/XQueryTree.html
    // 该函数会返回父窗口的子窗口列表child_list，因为这里用的是当前桌面的根窗口作为父窗口，所以会返回所有子窗口
    // 注意：窗口顺序(z-order)为自底向上
    XQueryTree(display, root_window, &root_return, &parent_return, &child_list, &child_num);

    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < child_num; ++i) {
        XWindowAttributes attrs;
        // 获取窗口的一些参数
        XGetWindowAttributes(display, child_list[i], &attrs);

		// map_state 可以判断窗口是否可见
		// 三个状态：IsUnmapped, IsUnviewable, IsViewable
		// IsViewable 即为可见窗口
		// 注意：窗口被其他窗口完全遮挡看不到也是 IsViewable ，可以用窗口z-order结合位置尺寸判断这种情况
        if (attrs.map_state == 2) { // IsViewable
            char* buffer = nullptr;
            // 获取窗口名字，获取成功后buffer才会有值
            XFetchName(display, child_list[i], &buffer);

			// 打印窗口的位置、尺寸和名字
            std::cout << "#" << i <<": "<< "(" << attrs.x << ", " << attrs.y << ", " << attrs.width << "x" << attrs.height << ") \"" << (buffer ? buffer : "") << "\"" << std::endl;
            // 注意释放
            XFree(buffer);
        }
    }

	// 注意释放资源
    XFree(child_list);
    XCloseDisplay(display);

    return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
project(windetect LANGUAGES C CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

find_package(X11 REQUIRED)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)

target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${X11_LIBRARIES})
target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${X11_INCLUDE_DIR})

编译运行

将上面两个文件放入同一个文件夹

# 项目根目录
# 编译
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make -j8

# 运行
./windetect

结果示例

#0: (0, 0, 2558x1280) "mutter guard window"
#6: (-100, -100, 1x1) ""
#38: (336, 144, 942x649) "Home"
#39: (132, 14, 786x533) "ffiirree@ubuntu: ~"
#40: (71, 26, 2488x1255) ""
#41: (-200, -200, 1x1) "gnome-shell"
#42: (-99, -99, 1x1) "org.gnome.Nautilus"
#43: (-99, -99, 1x1) "org.gnome.Nautilus"