日撸Java三百行 day10(综合任务1)

1. 任务说明及代码注意点

1.1 任务说明

学生的成绩存放于一个矩阵，其中行表示学生，列表示科目。如：第 0 行表示第 0 个学生的数学、语文、英语成绩。要求:

     1). 进行学生成绩的随机生成，区间为 [50, 100]。

     2). 找出成绩最好、最差的同学。但有挂科的同学不参加评比。

因为这里是测试，所以通过随机生成学生成绩，来减少输入的麻烦。随机则会使用到random函数，这里用到了Random.nextInt()方法，Random.nextInt(n)是生成一个随机的int值，该值是介于0到n之间的随机int值，它包含0但不包含n。(这里暂时只考虑成绩都是整型的情况)

Random tempRandom = new Random();
int n1 = tempRandom.nextInt(n); // Random range [0,n)
int n2 = a+tempRandom.nextInt(b); // Random range [a,b)
int n3 = a+tempRandom.nextInt(b+1); // Random range [a,b]

1.2 代码注意点

1.2.1 一般的初始化

下标的初试化一般为无效值，最值中的最大值一般初始化为可能的最小值，最小值一般初始化为可能的最大值加1。

// Typical initialization for index: invalid value.
int tempBestIndex = -1;
int tempWorstIndex = -1;
// Typical initialization for best and worst values.
// They must be replaced by valid values.
int tempBestScore = 0;
int tempWorstScore = m * upperBound + 1;

1.2.2 if不能连接

这里判断需要用两个if，而不能使用if-else来连接，是因为if-else是一个非此即彼的关系，但一个分数他可能即是最大值也可能是最小值,也就是说这个分数可能满足两个if的条件，不是一个非此即彼的关系。

if (tempBestScore < totalScores[i]) {
	tempBestScore = totalScores[i];
	tempBestIndex = i;
} // Of if

if (tempWorstScore > totalScores[i]) {
	tempWorstScore = totalScores[i];
	tempWorstIndex = i;
} // Of if

2.总代码测试

package basic;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * This is the tenth code, also the first task;
 * 
 * @author Yunhua Hu yunhuahu0528@163.com.
 */
public class Task1 {

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 *
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		task1();
	}// Of main

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Method unit test.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void task1() {
		// Step 1. Generate the data with n students and m courses.
		// Set these values by yourself.
		int n = 5;
		int m = 3;
		int lowerBound = 50;
		int upperBound = 101; // Should be 100. I use thisvalue for testing.
		int threshold = 60;

		// Here we have to use an object to generate random numbers.
		Random tempRandom = new Random();
		int[][] data = new int[n][m];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
				data[i][j] = lowerBound + tempRandom.nextInt(upperBound - lowerBound);
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i

		System.out.println("The data is:\r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(data));

		// Step 2. Compute the total score of each student.
		int[] totalScores = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
				if (data[i][j] < threshold) {
					totalScores[i] = 0;
					break;
				} // Of if

				totalScores[i] += data[i][j];
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i

		System.out.println("The total scores are:\r\n" + Arrays.toString(totalScores));

		// Step 3. Find the best and worst student.
		// Typical initialization for index: invalid value.
		int tempBestIndex = -1;
		int tempWorstIndex = -1;
		// Typical initialization for beat and worst values.
		// They must be replaced by valid values.
		int tempBestScore = 0;
		int tempWorstScore = m * upperBound + 1;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			// Do not consider failed students.
			if (totalScores[i] == 0) {
				continue;
			} // Of if

			if (tempBestScore < totalScores[i]) {
				tempBestScore = totalScores[i];
				tempBestIndex = i;
			} // Of if

			// Attention: This if statement cannot be combined with the last one
			// using "else if", because a student can be both the best and the
			// worst. I found this bug while setting upperBound = 65.
			if (tempWorstScore > totalScores[i]) {
				tempWorstScore = totalScores[i];
				tempWorstIndex = i;
			} // Of if
		} // Of for i

		// Step 4. Output the student number and score.
		if (tempBestIndex == -1) {
			System.out.println("Cannot find best student. All students have failed.");
		} else {
			System.out.println("The best student is No." + tempBestIndex + " with scores: "
					+ Arrays.toString(data[tempBestIndex]));
		} // Of if

		if (tempWorstIndex == -1) {
			System.out.println("Cannot find worst student. All students have failed.");
		} else {
			System.out.println("The worst student is No." + tempWorstIndex + " with scores: "
					+ Arrays.toString(data[tempWorstIndex]));
		} // Of if
	}// Of task1

}// Of class Task1

输出:

疑问:"为了随机数，迫不得已提前使用了 new 语句生成对象"，不太明白这句话想表达的意思。