支持 efi 的主板双系统安装 ubuntu - 学习 EFI 和 gpt

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-19 09:48:20 发布

icycolawater

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-19 09:48:20 发布

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分类专栏： linux 安装系统

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/icycolawater/article/details/51242999

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本文详细介绍了在UEFI模式下安装Ubuntu的步骤和注意事项，包括何时必须使用UEFI模式，如何设置BIOS/UEFI模式，以及安装过程中所需的分区配置，如根分区、交换分区和EFI分区。同时，文章还讨论了不同类型的引导加载器，如GRUB、Syslinux和UEFI-only boot loaders，并提供了相关工作原理和操作指南。

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这次在有两块硬盘的机器上双系统安装 ubuntu，遇到了一些以前没有的情况

了解到两个以前没听过的名词

EFI vs BIOS

gpt vs mbr 两种分区表

参考链接二里还提到了快速启动安全启动过

详细介绍了 MBR+ BIOS 启动以及 GPTF分区的格式

http://www.iruanmi.com/what-is-gpt-and-what-is-uefi/

http://tieba.baidu.com/p/3754146793

这篇文章介绍了 uefi 的启动方法和启动顺序调整

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53918a450102uzi6.html

UEFI的两种启动模式

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick

UEFI 模式安装 ubuntu 的流程官方文档

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Installing Ubuntu in UEFI mode

The following sections describe how to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode, either because you're single-booting and want to try this boot mode or because you're dual-booting with another OS that's already installed in this mode.

Case when Ubuntu must be installed in UEFI mode

Having a PC with UEFI firmware does not mean that you need to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode. What is important is below:

if the other systems (Windows Vista/7/8, GNU/Linux...) of your computer are installed in UEFI mode, then you must install Ubuntu in UEFI mode too.
if the other systems (Windows, GNU/Linux...) of your computer are installed in Legacy (not-UEFI) mode, then you must install Ubuntu in Legacy mode too. Eg if your computer is old (<2010), is 32bits, or was sold with a pre-installed Windows XP.
if Ubuntu is the only operating system on your computer, then it does not matter whether you install Ubuntu in UEFI mode or not.

我的机器上之前的windows 应该是 legacy mode 的，但是自动安装的 ubuntu却是 UEFI的

情况应该是像这样

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Ubuntu_single_boot_in_UEFI_mode

Ubuntu single boot in UEFI mode

Single boot Ubuntu systems are still often installed in BIOS/CSM mode. Normally you install in UEFI mode because Windows is installed in UEFI mode and you want to dual boot. But it is possible to install Ubuntu (and the flavours Kubuntu Lubuntu, Xubuntu) as a single boot system in UEFI mode too, which can be useful for two purposes

to keep the systems separated, Ubuntu in one drive and Windows in another drive (so it will actually be a dual boot system, but not during the installation). Probably stable when installed in an internal drive. ----》比较符合我的安装情况
to make a portable installed Ubuntu USB pendrive for UEFI mode (portable alias works in many computers). Not stable when installed in an external drive (USB stick).

所以系统安装时相当于是 single mode 的方式，但为什么没有给我默认安装成 legacy 方式呢。看来是这个 live disk 系统启动的时候就是通过 uefi 的方式启动的

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Test_if_running_in_UEFI_mode

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Identifying_if_the_computer_boots_the_Ubuntu_DVD_in_UEFI_mode ----》》》我的 usb 的系统根据这个判断，是通过 efi模式启动的

General principles

To install Ubuntu in UEFI mode:

Use a 64bit disk of Ubuntu. (Ubuntu32bit cannot be easily installed in UEFI mode. This is a problem if 32-bit UEFI is the only way your computer can boot, e.g. if you have a modern Intel Atom based laptop. In this case, you will need a complicated work-around.)
In your firmware, disable QuickBoot/FastBoot and Intel Smart Response Technology (SRT). If you have Windows 8, also disable Fast Startup.
You might want to use an EFI-only image to avoid troubles with mistakenly booting the image and installing Ubuntu in BIOS mode.
Use a supported version of Ubuntu. Support for UEFI appeared in 11.10, but has become more reliable in next versions. Support for UEFI