FFmpeg从入门到牛掰（二）：转封装(remux)讲解

转载请注明出处：https://blog.csdn.net/impingo
项目地址：https://github.com/im-pingo/pingos

承接上一篇文章，这里进行封装过程的讲解，如果对解复用（解封装）过程不了解的人请先阅读上篇文章（FFmpeg从入门到牛掰（一）：解复用(demux)讲解） ，此篇文章将结合上篇内容完成转封装的操作

转封装流程

函数调用流程

函数接口

int avformat_alloc_output_context2(AVFormatContext **ctx, ff_const59 AVOutputFormat *oformat,
                                   const char *format_name, const char *filename);

创建AVFormatContext用于输出格式的format，对应的使用avformat_free_context()函数释放AVFormatContext。
ctx：该函数用于创建的AVFormatContext
oformat：指定创建的格式，如果此值为NULL，则以format_name或filename为准
format_name：用于指定输出的格式如“mp4”
filename：用于指定输出目录或url

AVStream *avformat_new_stream(AVFormatContext *s, const AVCodec *c)

在AVFormatContext输出的时候，如果想要输出音频和视频都需要通过该函数创建一条流操作句柄，每条流都需要填充codec参数，可以使用avcodec_parameters_copy从其他流的codec信息中填充codec参数。

int avio_open(AVIOContext **s, const char *url, int flags);

打开输出文件或url

int avformat_write_header(AVFormatContext *s, AVDictionary **options);

创建流的私有数据并且向输出文件写入流header

int av_interleaved_write_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt);

pkt中是存储的是媒体数据，通过该函数写入目标文件中

int av_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *s);

向输出文件写入尾部信息，例如mp4文件中的moov box

需要注意

avio_open处理过的ctx->pb，需要avio_closep函数关闭ctx->pb。
avformat_alloc_output_context2 创建的ctx，需要avformat_free_context函数回收ctx。

代码示例

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#include <libavutil/timestamp.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

static void log_packet(const AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVPacket *pkt, const char *tag)
{
    AVRational *time_base = &fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->time_base;

    printf("%s: pts:%s pts_time:%s dts:%s dts_time:%s duration:%s duration_time:%s stream_index:%d\n",
           tag,
           av_ts2str(pkt->pts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->pts, time_base),
           av_ts2str(pkt->dts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->dts, time_base),
           av_ts2str(pkt->duration), av_ts2timestr(pkt->duration, time_base),
           pkt->stream_index);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    AVOutputFormat *ofmt = NULL;
    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx = NULL, *ofmt_ctx = NULL;
    AVPacket pkt;
    const char *in_filename, *out_filename;
    int ret, i;
    int stream_index = 0;
    int *stream_mapping = NULL;
    int stream_mapping_size = 0;

    if (argc < 3) {
        printf("usage: %s input output\n"
               "API example program to remux a media file with libavformat and libavcodec.\n"
               "The output format is guessed according to the file extension.\n"
               "\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    in_filename  = argv[1];
    out_filename = argv[2];

    if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx, in_filename, 0, 0)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file '%s'", in_filename);
        goto end;
    }

    if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx, 0)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to retrieve input stream information");
        goto end;
    }

    av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx, 0, in_filename, 0);

    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, out_filename);
    if (!ofmt_ctx) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create output context\n");
        ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
        goto end;
    }

    stream_mapping_size = ifmt_ctx->nb_streams;
    stream_mapping = av_mallocz_array(stream_mapping_size, sizeof(*stream_mapping));
    if (!stream_mapping) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto end;
    }

    ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat;

    for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
        AVStream *out_stream;
        AVStream *in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[i];
        AVCodecParameters *in_codecpar = in_stream->codecpar;

        if (in_codecpar->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO &&
            in_codecpar->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO &&
            in_codecpar->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
            stream_mapping[i] = -1;
            continue;
        }

        stream_mapping[i] = stream_index++;

        out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, NULL);
        if (!out_stream) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed allocating output stream\n");
            ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
            goto end;
        }

        ret = avcodec_parameters_copy(out_stream->codecpar, in_codecpar);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to copy codec parameters\n");
            goto end;
        }
        out_stream->codecpar->codec_tag = 0;
    }
    av_dump_format(ofmt_ctx, 0, out_filename, 1);

    if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        ret = avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, out_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output file '%s'", out_filename);
            goto end;
        }
    }

    ret = avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file\n");
        goto end;
    }

    while (1) {
        AVStream *in_stream, *out_stream;

        ret = av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt);
        if (ret < 0)
            break;

        in_stream  = ifmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
        if (pkt.stream_index >= stream_mapping_size ||
            stream_mapping[pkt.stream_index] < 0) {
            av_packet_unref(&pkt);
            continue;
        }

        pkt.stream_index = stream_mapping[pkt.stream_index];
        out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
        log_packet(ifmt_ctx, &pkt, "in");

        /* copy packet */
        pkt.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.pts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX);
        pkt.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.dts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX);
        pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
        pkt.pos = -1;
        log_packet(ofmt_ctx, &pkt, "out");

        ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error muxing packet\n");
            break;
        }
        av_packet_unref(&pkt);
    }

    av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx);
end:

    avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx);

    /* close output */
    if (ofmt_ctx && !(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
        avio_closep(&ofmt_ctx->pb);
    avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx);

    av_freep(&stream_mapping);

    if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

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