机器学习实战学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-30 00:29:33 发布

infinitezechan

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-30 00:29:33 发布

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分类专栏：机器学习实战文章标签：机器学习 numpy

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Chapter 1 机器学习基础

NumPy 函数库基础

random.rand(4,4)

上述命令构造了4*4的随机数组

>>> random.rand(4,4)
array([[ 0.0418002 ,  0.20941796,  0.68781548,  0.32148814],
       [ 0.39318817,  0.46766914,  0.49318351,  0.65444726],
       [ 0.33036255,  0.70759215,  0.59520003,  0.77778407],
       [ 0.26214824,  0.00094159,  0.36463589,  0.40976128]])

调用mat函数可将数组转化为矩阵

>>> randmat=mat(random.rand(4,4))
>>> randmat
matrix([[ 0.28896205,  0.50331665,  0.86803514,  0.9849008 ],
        [ 0.36103918,  0.69719876,  0.65216554,  0.68634146],
        [ 0.7609746 ,  0.13391717,  0.9644368 ,  0.93625736],
        [ 0.46729404,  0.90324785,  0.05564003,  0.42958976]])

.I 操作符实现了矩阵的求逆运算

>>> randmat.I
matrix([[-1.86271551,  0.16951393,  1.52258776,  0.68137463],
        [-0.8292055 ,  2.16002072, -0.71476897,  0.00787049],
        [-2.37301311,  4.75169593,  0.09565685, -2.35960664],
        [ 4.07702559, -5.34144809, -0.16575117,  1.87569013]])

invrandmat=randmat.I

执行此操作存储逆矩阵，接着执行矩阵的乘法：

>>> randmat*invrandmat
matrix([[  1.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,
          -2.22044605e-16],
        [  0.00000000e+00,   1.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,
          -2.22044605e-16],
        [  0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,   1.00000000e+00,
           0.00000000e+00],
        [  0.00000000e+00,   4.99600361e-16,  -1.11022302e-16,
           1.00000000e+00]])

结果应该为单位矩阵，除了对角线全为1其余元素应全为0，实际输出结果矩阵里还留下了非常小的元素，是计算机处理产生误差的结果，用下述命令求误差值：

>>> myeye=randmat*invrandmat
>>> myeye-eye(4)
matrix([[  0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,
          -2.22044605e-16],
        [  0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,
          -2.22044605e-16],
        [  0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,
           0.00000000e+00],
        [  0.00000000e+00,   4.99600361e-16,  -1.11022302e-16,
          -2.22044605e-16]])

eye(4)创建4*4 单位矩阵

numpy.eye(N,M=None, k=0, dtype=< type ‘float’>)

第一个参数N = 列数
第二个参数 M = 行数，省略代表M = N
第三个参数 k 代表对角线位置， = 0 代表主对角线， +1就向右上方偏移1， -1 就向左下角偏移1
第四个参数表示类型 dtype 默认为 float 类型

>>> e1 = eye(2, 3, 0, dtype = int)
>>> e1
array([[1, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 0]])
>>> e2 = eye(3)
>>> e2
array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.]])
>>> e3 = eye(3, dtype = int)
>>> e3
array([[1, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 0],
       [0, 0, 1]])
>>> e4 = eye(3, 1, dtype = int)
>>> e4
array([[1],
       [0],
       [0]])
>>> e5 = eye(3, k = 1, dtype = int)
>>> e5
array([[0, 1, 0],
       [0, 0, 1],
       [0, 0, 0]])
>>> e6 = eye(3, k = -1, dtype = int)
>>> e6
array([[0, 0, 0],
       [1, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 0]])
>>>