六种直接或间接创建Java对象的方式

 

1. 使用new关键字

​ 采用new关键字实例化对象是Java中最为常见的方法，下面是采用new关键字实例化对象的示例。在开始之前，我们先准备好一个Java类：Student.java。

package com.ramostear.oops;

public class Student{
    private String name;
    private String nickname;

    public Student(){
        super();
    }

    public Student(String name,String nickname){
        this.name = name;
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getNickname(){
        return nickname;
    }
    public void setNickname(String nickname){
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

}

接下来，我们通过new关键字来创建几个学生：

package com.ramostear.oops;
public class TestNewStudent{

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Student zhangsan = new Student("Zhangsan","张三");

        Student lisi = new Student();
        lisi.setName("Lisi");
        lisi.setNickname("李四")；
    }
}

2. 使用Class类的newInstance()方法

​ 首先，我们可以通过Class.forName()方法动态加载目标类，然后再调用newInstance()方法，动态实例化对象。同理，在开始之前，我们需要准备一个目标类：Student.java。

package com.ramostear.oops;
public class Student{
    private String name = "Zhangsan";
    private String nickname = "张三";

    public Student(){
        super();
    }

    public Student(String name,String nickname){
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getNickname(){
        return nickname;
    }
    public void setNickname(String nickname){
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }
}

接下来，将演示如何通过newInstance()方法来创建新的对象：

package com.ramostear.oops;
public class TestUseNewInstanceMethod{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try{
            String className = "com.ramostear.oops.Student";
            Class clz = Class.forName(className);
            Student student = (Student) clz.newInstance();
            System.out.println("student name :"+ student.getName()+", nickname: "+student.getNickname());
        }catch(InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | ClassNotFoundException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行main()方法，将输出如下信息：

student name :Zhangsan, nickname:张三

3. 使用Constructor.newInstance()方法

​ 与Class类的newInstance()方法相似，我们还可以使用java.lang.reflect.Constructor类的newInstance()方法来创建新的对象。同样，我们先准备一个目标类：

package com.ramostear.oops;
public class Student{
    private String name = "Constructor";
    private String nickname = "构造器";

    public Student(){
        super();
    }

    public Student(String name,String nickname){
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getNickname(){
        return nickname;
    }
    public void setNickname(String nickname){
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }
}

接下来，我们看看如何使用Constructor的newInstance()方法创建新的对象：

package com.ramostear.oops;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class UseConstructorNewInstanceMethod{

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Constructor<Student> studentConstructor;
        try{
            studentConstructor = Student.class.getConstructor();
            Student student = studentConstructor.newInstance();
             System.out.println("student name :"+ student.getName()+", nickname: "+student.getNickname());
        }catch(InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException |
               NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    } 
}

执行main()方法，将在控制台输出如下信息：

student name:Constructor, nickname:构造器

4. 使用反序列化

​ 如果要使用反序列化创建对象，则目标类首先要实现Serializable接口。Serializable是一个标记接口。在本次示例中，我们先创建一个Student对象，并将其保存到data.txt文件中，然后在通过反序列化操作，读取data.txt中的数据，并创建新的对象。

package com.ramostear.oops;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Serializable{
 private String name;
 private String nickname;

 public Student() {
  super();
 }

 public Student(String name, String nickname) {
  super();
  this.name = name;
  this.nickname = nickname;
 }

 public String getName() {
  return name;
 }

 public void setName(String name) {
  this.name = name;
 }

 public String getNickname() {
  return nickname;
 }

 public void setNickname(String nickname) {
  this.nickname = nickname;
 }
}

接下来，将通过一个简单的示例，演示如何使用反序列化的方式创建新的对象：

package com.ramostear.oops;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class StudentDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filePath = "data.txt";
        Student student1 = new Student("Deserialization", "反序列化");
        try {
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
            ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
            outputStream.writeObject(student1);
            outputStream.flush();
            outputStream.close();

            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
            ObjectInputStream inputStream = new ObjectInputStream(fileInputStream);
            Student student2 = (Student) inputStream.readObject();

            inputStream.close();

            System.out.println("Student name:"+student2.getName()+", nickname:"+student2.getNickname());
        } catch (Exception ee) {
            ee.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

执行上述代码，将在控制台输出如下信息：

Student name:Deserialization,nickname:反序列化

5. 使用对象克隆创建新的对象

​ clone()方法可以创建现有对象的副本，但在使用clone()方法前，需保证模板类实现了Cloneable接口，Cloneable接口也是一个标记类接口。下面是使用克隆方式创建新对象的完整示例：

package net.javaguides.corejava.oops;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private String nickname;

    public Student() {
        super();
    }

    public Student(String name, String nickname) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getNickname() {
        return nickname;
    }

    public void setNickname(String nickname) {
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Student stu1 = new Student("Clone", "克隆");
        try {
            Student stu2 = (Student) stu1.clone();
            System.out.println("Student name :"+stu2.getName()+",nickname:"+stu2.getNickanme());
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行上述代码，控制台将输出如下信息：

Student name： Clone,nickname:克隆

6. 使用sun.misc.Unsafe类的allocateInstance（)方法创建对象

class Person {
	private String name = "aaa";

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

public class UnsafeClassTester {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		try {
			java.lang.reflect.Field field = sun.misc.Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
			field.setAccessible(true);
			sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = (sun.misc.Unsafe) field.get(null);

			Person p = (Person) unsafe.allocateInstance(Person.class);
			p.setName("xxxxxx");
			System.out.println(p);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}