练习|装饰模式

装饰模式：将装饰功能单独放在一个类的方法中，并在该方法中调用父类的同名方法，从而达到增添功能的目的。

以下用两种方式实现装饰模式，但是都出现了中间环节被“跳过”的情况： +after correcting

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class PhoneCall
{
public:
	PhoneCall();
	virtual void call();
};

class AddPhoneCall :public PhoneCall
{
public:
	AddPhoneCall(PhoneCall& pc);
	virtual void call();
private:
	PhoneCall _pc;
};

class MusicPhoneCall :public PhoneCall
{
public:
	MusicPhoneCall(PhoneCall& pc);
	virtual void call();
private:
	PhoneCall _pc;
};

int main()
{
	PhoneCall p = PhoneCall();
	MusicPhoneCall m = MusicPhoneCall(p);
	AddPhoneCall a = AddPhoneCall(m);
        m.call();//after correcting
	a.call();
	return 0;
}

PhoneCall::PhoneCall() { cout << "PhoneCall constructor\n"; }
void PhoneCall::call()
{
	cout << "calling...\n";
}

AddPhoneCall::AddPhoneCall(PhoneCall& pc) :_pc(pc) { cout << "AddPhoneCall constructor\n"; }
void AddPhoneCall::call()
{
	cout << "addvertising...\n";
	_pc.call();
}

MusicPhoneCall::MusicPhoneCall(PhoneCall& pc) :_pc(pc) { cout << "MusicPhoneCall constructor\n"; }
void MusicPhoneCall::call()
{
	cout << "music...\n";
	_pc.call();
}

输出：

PhoneCall constructor
PhoneCall constructor
MusicPhoneCall constructor
PhoneCall constructor
AddPhoneCall constructor
addvertising...
calling...

---

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Component
{
public:
	virtual void operation() 
	{
		cout << "Component\n";
	}
};

class Decorator: public Component
{
protected:
	Component component;
public:
	void setComponent(Component component)
	{
		this->component = component;
	}
	virtual void operation()
	{
		component.operation();
	}
};

class ConcreteDecoratorA: public Decorator
{
public:
	virtual void operation()
	{
		Decorator::operation();
		cout << "ConcreteDecoratorA\n";
	}
};

class ConcreteDecoratorB : public Decorator
{
public:
	virtual void operation()
	{
		Decorator::operation();
		cout << "ConcreteDecoratorB\n";
	}
};

int main()
{
	Component c;
	ConcreteDecoratorA a;
	ConcreteDecoratorB b;
	a.setComponent(c);
	b.setComponent(a);
        a.operation();//after correcting
	b.operation();
	return 0;
}

输出：

Component
ConcreteDecoratorB

---

解答：

这两种实现方式的问题是一样的。结合构造函数的调用情况，我想会不会是因为参数类型的问题导致ConcreteDecoratorA的构造函数没有被调用，所以中间环节被“跳过”了。后来在CSDN问答里提问，得到的回答和我的猜测差不多，但更详细，以下为该用户的回答（感谢！）：

b.setComponent(a);的时候的方法是类Decorator里的
参数是Component，而a的类型是ConcreteDecoratorA，被退化为Decorator，再退化为Component
所以自始至终都没有使用过ConcreteDecoratorA:类里的任何东西，自然不会输出ConcreteDecoratorA

——豆丷